fix: prevent asset conflicts between React and Grid.js versions

Add coexistence checks to all enqueue methods to prevent loading
both React and Grid.js assets simultaneously.

Changes:
- ReactAdmin.php: Only enqueue React assets when ?react=1
- Init.php: Skip Grid.js when React active on admin pages
- Form.php, Coupon.php, Access.php: Restore classic assets when ?react=0
- Customer.php, Product.php, License.php: Add coexistence checks

Now the toggle between Classic and React versions works correctly.

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
dwindown
2026-04-18 17:02:14 +07:00
parent bd9cdac02e
commit e8fbfb14c1
74973 changed files with 6658406 additions and 71 deletions

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import {PackageJson} from 'type-fest';
declare namespace meow {
type FlagType = 'string' | 'boolean' | 'number';
/**
Callback function to determine if a flag is required during runtime.
@param flags - Contains the flags converted to camel-case excluding aliases.
@param input - Contains the non-flag arguments.
@returns True if the flag is required, otherwise false.
*/
type IsRequiredPredicate = (flags: Readonly<AnyFlags>, input: readonly string[]) => boolean;
interface Flag<Type extends FlagType, Default> {
readonly type?: Type;
readonly alias?: string;
readonly default?: Default;
readonly isRequired?: boolean | IsRequiredPredicate;
readonly isMultiple?: boolean;
}
type StringFlag = Flag<'string', string>;
type BooleanFlag = Flag<'boolean', boolean>;
type NumberFlag = Flag<'number', number>;
type AnyFlag = StringFlag | BooleanFlag | NumberFlag;
type AnyFlags = Record<string, AnyFlag>;
interface Options<Flags extends AnyFlags> {
/**
Define argument flags.
The key is the flag name in camel-case and the value is an object with any of:
- `type`: Type of value. (Possible values: `string` `boolean` `number`)
- `alias`: Usually used to define a short flag alias.
- `default`: Default value when the flag is not specified.
- `isRequired`: Determine if the flag is required.
If it's only known at runtime whether the flag is required or not you can pass a Function instead of a boolean, which based on the given flags and other non-flag arguments should decide if the flag is required.
- `isMultiple`: Indicates a flag can be set multiple times. Values are turned into an array. (Default: false)
Multiple values are provided by specifying the flag multiple times, for example, `$ foo -u rainbow -u cat`. Space- or comma-separated values are *not* supported.
Note that flags are always defined using a camel-case key (`myKey`), but will match arguments in kebab-case (`--my-key`).
@example
```
flags: {
unicorn: {
type: 'string',
alias: 'u',
default: ['rainbow', 'cat'],
isMultiple: true,
isRequired: (flags, input) => {
if (flags.otherFlag) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
}
```
*/
readonly flags?: Flags;
/**
Description to show above the help text. Default: The package.json `"description"` property.
Set it to `false` to disable it altogether.
*/
readonly description?: string | false;
/**
The help text you want shown.
The input is reindented and starting/ending newlines are trimmed which means you can use a [template literal](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/template_strings) without having to care about using the correct amount of indent.
The description will be shown above your help text automatically.
Set it to `false` to disable it altogether.
*/
readonly help?: string | false;
/**
Set a custom version output. Default: The package.json `"version"` property.
Set it to `false` to disable it altogether.
*/
readonly version?: string | false;
/**
Automatically show the help text when the `--help` flag is present. Useful to set this value to `false` when a CLI manages child CLIs with their own help text.
This option is only considered when there is only one argument in `process.argv`.
*/
readonly autoHelp?: boolean;
/**
Automatically show the version text when the `--version` flag is present. Useful to set this value to `false` when a CLI manages child CLIs with their own version text.
This option is only considered when there is only one argument in `process.argv`.
*/
readonly autoVersion?: boolean;
/**
`package.json` as an `Object`. Default: Closest `package.json` upwards.
_You most likely don't need this option._
*/
readonly pkg?: Record<string, unknown>;
/**
Custom arguments object.
@default process.argv.slice(2)
*/
readonly argv?: readonly string[];
/**
Infer the argument type.
By default, the argument `5` in `$ foo 5` becomes a string. Enabling this would infer it as a number.
@default false
*/
readonly inferType?: boolean;
/**
Value of `boolean` flags not defined in `argv`.
If set to `undefined`, the flags not defined in `argv` will be excluded from the result. The `default` value set in `boolean` flags take precedence over `booleanDefault`.
_Note: If used in conjunction with `isMultiple`, the default flag value is set to `[]`._
__Caution: Explicitly specifying `undefined` for `booleanDefault` has different meaning from omitting key itself.__
@example
```
import meow = require('meow');
const cli = meow(`
Usage
$ foo
Options
--rainbow, -r Include a rainbow
--unicorn, -u Include a unicorn
--no-sparkles Exclude sparkles
Examples
$ foo
🌈 unicorns✨🌈
`, {
booleanDefault: undefined,
flags: {
rainbow: {
type: 'boolean',
default: true,
alias: 'r'
},
unicorn: {
type: 'boolean',
default: false,
alias: 'u'
},
cake: {
type: 'boolean',
alias: 'c'
},
sparkles: {
type: 'boolean',
default: true
}
}
});
//{
// flags: {
// rainbow: true,
// unicorn: false,
// sparkles: true
// },
// unnormalizedFlags: {
// rainbow: true,
// r: true,
// unicorn: false,
// u: false,
// sparkles: true
// },
// …
//}
```
*/
readonly booleanDefault?: boolean | null | undefined;
/**
Whether to use [hard-rejection](https://github.com/sindresorhus/hard-rejection) or not. Disabling this can be useful if you need to handle `process.on('unhandledRejection')` yourself.
@default true
*/
readonly hardRejection?: boolean;
/**
Whether to allow unknown flags or not.
@default true
*/
readonly allowUnknownFlags?: boolean;
}
type TypedFlag<Flag extends AnyFlag> =
Flag extends {type: 'number'}
? number
: Flag extends {type: 'string'}
? string
: Flag extends {type: 'boolean'}
? boolean
: unknown;
type PossiblyOptionalFlag<Flag extends AnyFlag, FlagType> =
Flag extends {isRequired: true}
? FlagType
: Flag extends {default: any}
? FlagType
: FlagType | undefined;
type TypedFlags<Flags extends AnyFlags> = {
[F in keyof Flags]: Flags[F] extends {isMultiple: true}
? PossiblyOptionalFlag<Flags[F], Array<TypedFlag<Flags[F]>>>
: PossiblyOptionalFlag<Flags[F], TypedFlag<Flags[F]>>
};
interface Result<Flags extends AnyFlags> {
/**
Non-flag arguments.
*/
input: string[];
/**
Flags converted to camelCase excluding aliases.
*/
flags: TypedFlags<Flags> & Record<string, unknown>;
/**
Flags converted camelCase including aliases.
*/
unnormalizedFlags: TypedFlags<Flags> & Record<string, unknown>;
/**
The `package.json` object.
*/
pkg: PackageJson;
/**
The help text used with `--help`.
*/
help: string;
/**
Show the help text and exit with code.
@param exitCode - The exit code to use. Default: `2`.
*/
showHelp: (exitCode?: number) => void;
/**
Show the version text and exit.
*/
showVersion: () => void;
}
}
/**
@param helpMessage - Shortcut for the `help` option.
@example
```
#!/usr/bin/env node
'use strict';
import meow = require('meow');
import foo = require('.');
const cli = meow(`
Usage
$ foo <input>
Options
--rainbow, -r Include a rainbow
Examples
$ foo unicorns --rainbow
🌈 unicorns 🌈
`, {
flags: {
rainbow: {
type: 'boolean',
alias: 'r'
}
}
});
//{
// input: ['unicorns'],
// flags: {rainbow: true},
// ...
//}
foo(cli.input[0], cli.flags);
```
*/
declare function meow<Flags extends meow.AnyFlags>(helpMessage: string, options?: meow.Options<Flags>): meow.Result<Flags>;
declare function meow<Flags extends meow.AnyFlags>(options?: meow.Options<Flags>): meow.Result<Flags>;
export = meow;

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'use strict';
const path = require('path');
const buildParserOptions = require('minimist-options');
const parseArguments = require('yargs-parser');
const camelCaseKeys = require('camelcase-keys');
const decamelize = require('decamelize');
const decamelizeKeys = require('decamelize-keys');
const trimNewlines = require('trim-newlines');
const redent = require('redent');
const readPkgUp = require('read-pkg-up');
const hardRejection = require('hard-rejection');
const normalizePackageData = require('normalize-package-data');
// Prevent caching of this module so module.parent is always accurate
delete require.cache[__filename];
const parentDir = path.dirname(module.parent && module.parent.filename ? module.parent.filename : '.');
const isFlagMissing = (flagName, definedFlags, receivedFlags, input) => {
const flag = definedFlags[flagName];
let isFlagRequired = true;
if (typeof flag.isRequired === 'function') {
isFlagRequired = flag.isRequired(receivedFlags, input);
if (typeof isFlagRequired !== 'boolean') {
throw new TypeError(`Return value for isRequired callback should be of type boolean, but ${typeof isFlagRequired} was returned.`);
}
}
if (typeof receivedFlags[flagName] === 'undefined') {
return isFlagRequired;
}
return flag.isMultiple && receivedFlags[flagName].length === 0;
};
const getMissingRequiredFlags = (flags, receivedFlags, input) => {
const missingRequiredFlags = [];
if (typeof flags === 'undefined') {
return [];
}
for (const flagName of Object.keys(flags)) {
if (flags[flagName].isRequired && isFlagMissing(flagName, flags, receivedFlags, input)) {
missingRequiredFlags.push({key: flagName, ...flags[flagName]});
}
}
return missingRequiredFlags;
};
const reportMissingRequiredFlags = missingRequiredFlags => {
console.error(`Missing required flag${missingRequiredFlags.length > 1 ? 's' : ''}`);
for (const flag of missingRequiredFlags) {
console.error(`\t--${decamelize(flag.key, '-')}${flag.alias ? `, -${flag.alias}` : ''}`);
}
};
const validateOptions = ({flags}) => {
const invalidFlags = Object.keys(flags).filter(flagKey => flagKey.includes('-') && flagKey !== '--');
if (invalidFlags.length > 0) {
throw new Error(`Flag keys may not contain '-': ${invalidFlags.join(', ')}`);
}
};
const reportUnknownFlags = unknownFlags => {
console.error([
`Unknown flag${unknownFlags.length > 1 ? 's' : ''}`,
...unknownFlags
].join('\n'));
};
const buildParserFlags = ({flags, booleanDefault}) => {
const parserFlags = {};
for (const [flagKey, flagValue] of Object.entries(flags)) {
const flag = {...flagValue};
if (
typeof booleanDefault !== 'undefined' &&
flag.type === 'boolean' &&
!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(flag, 'default')
) {
flag.default = flag.isMultiple ? [booleanDefault] : booleanDefault;
}
if (flag.isMultiple) {
flag.type = flag.type ? `${flag.type}-array` : 'array';
flag.default = flag.default || [];
delete flag.isMultiple;
}
parserFlags[flagKey] = flag;
}
return parserFlags;
};
const validateFlags = (flags, options) => {
for (const [flagKey, flagValue] of Object.entries(options.flags)) {
if (flagKey !== '--' && !flagValue.isMultiple && Array.isArray(flags[flagKey])) {
throw new Error(`The flag --${flagKey} can only be set once.`);
}
}
};
const meow = (helpText, options) => {
if (typeof helpText !== 'string') {
options = helpText;
helpText = '';
}
const foundPkg = readPkgUp.sync({
cwd: parentDir,
normalize: false
});
options = {
pkg: foundPkg ? foundPkg.packageJson : {},
argv: process.argv.slice(2),
flags: {},
inferType: false,
input: 'string',
help: helpText,
autoHelp: true,
autoVersion: true,
booleanDefault: false,
hardRejection: true,
allowUnknownFlags: true,
...options
};
if (options.hardRejection) {
hardRejection();
}
validateOptions(options);
let parserOptions = {
arguments: options.input,
...buildParserFlags(options)
};
parserOptions = decamelizeKeys(parserOptions, '-', {exclude: ['stopEarly', '--']});
if (options.inferType) {
delete parserOptions.arguments;
}
parserOptions = buildParserOptions(parserOptions);
parserOptions.configuration = {
...parserOptions.configuration,
'greedy-arrays': false
};
if (parserOptions['--']) {
parserOptions.configuration['populate--'] = true;
}
if (!options.allowUnknownFlags) {
// Collect unknown options in `argv._` to be checked later.
parserOptions.configuration['unknown-options-as-args'] = true;
}
const {pkg} = options;
const argv = parseArguments(options.argv, parserOptions);
let help = redent(trimNewlines((options.help || '').replace(/\t+\n*$/, '')), 2);
normalizePackageData(pkg);
process.title = pkg.bin ? Object.keys(pkg.bin)[0] : pkg.name;
let {description} = options;
if (!description && description !== false) {
({description} = pkg);
}
help = (description ? `\n ${description}\n` : '') + (help ? `\n${help}\n` : '\n');
const showHelp = code => {
console.log(help);
process.exit(typeof code === 'number' ? code : 2);
};
const showVersion = () => {
console.log(typeof options.version === 'string' ? options.version : pkg.version);
process.exit(0);
};
if (argv._.length === 0 && options.argv.length === 1) {
if (argv.version === true && options.autoVersion) {
showVersion();
}
if (argv.help === true && options.autoHelp) {
showHelp(0);
}
}
const input = argv._;
delete argv._;
if (!options.allowUnknownFlags) {
const unknownFlags = input.filter(item => typeof item === 'string' && item.startsWith('-'));
if (unknownFlags.length > 0) {
reportUnknownFlags(unknownFlags);
process.exit(2);
}
}
const flags = camelCaseKeys(argv, {exclude: ['--', /^\w$/]});
const unnormalizedFlags = {...flags};
validateFlags(flags, options);
for (const flagValue of Object.values(options.flags)) {
delete flags[flagValue.alias];
}
const missingRequiredFlags = getMissingRequiredFlags(options.flags, flags, input);
if (missingRequiredFlags.length > 0) {
reportMissingRequiredFlags(missingRequiredFlags);
process.exit(2);
}
return {
input,
flags,
unnormalizedFlags,
pkg,
help,
showHelp,
showVersion
};
};
module.exports = meow;

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MIT License
Copyright (c) Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com> (https://sindresorhus.com)
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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// Basic
export * from './source/basic';
// Utilities
export {Except} from './source/except';
export {Mutable} from './source/mutable';
export {Merge} from './source/merge';
export {MergeExclusive} from './source/merge-exclusive';
export {RequireAtLeastOne} from './source/require-at-least-one';
export {RequireExactlyOne} from './source/require-exactly-one';
export {PartialDeep} from './source/partial-deep';
export {ReadonlyDeep} from './source/readonly-deep';
export {LiteralUnion} from './source/literal-union';
export {Promisable} from './source/promisable';
export {Opaque} from './source/opaque';
export {SetOptional} from './source/set-optional';
export {SetRequired} from './source/set-required';
export {ValueOf} from './source/value-of';
export {PromiseValue} from './source/promise-value';
export {AsyncReturnType} from './source/async-return-type';
export {ConditionalExcept} from './source/conditional-except';
export {ConditionalKeys} from './source/conditional-keys';
export {ConditionalPick} from './source/conditional-pick';
export {UnionToIntersection} from './source/union-to-intersection';
export {Stringified} from './source/stringified';
export {FixedLengthArray} from './source/fixed-length-array';
export {IterableElement} from './source/iterable-element';
export {Entry} from './source/entry';
export {Entries} from './source/entries';
export {SetReturnType} from './source/set-return-type';
export {Asyncify} from './source/asyncify';
// Miscellaneous
export {PackageJson} from './source/package-json';
export {TsConfigJson} from './source/tsconfig-json';

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MIT License
Copyright (c) Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com> (https:/sindresorhus.com)
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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{
"name": "type-fest",
"version": "0.18.1",
"description": "A collection of essential TypeScript types",
"license": "(MIT OR CC0-1.0)",
"repository": "sindresorhus/type-fest",
"funding": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus",
"author": {
"name": "Sindre Sorhus",
"email": "sindresorhus@gmail.com",
"url": "https://sindresorhus.com"
},
"engines": {
"node": ">=10"
},
"scripts": {
"test": "xo && tsd"
},
"files": [
"index.d.ts",
"source"
],
"keywords": [
"typescript",
"ts",
"types",
"utility",
"util",
"utilities",
"omit",
"merge",
"json"
],
"devDependencies": {
"tsd": "^0.13.1",
"xo": "^0.28.2"
},
"types": "index.d.ts",
"xo": {
"rules": {
"@typescript-eslint/indent": "off",
"func-call-spacing": "off"
}
}
}

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<div align="center">
<br>
<br>
<img src="media/logo.svg" alt="type-fest" height="300">
<br>
<br>
<b>A collection of essential TypeScript types</b>
<br>
<hr>
</div>
<br>
<br>
[![Build Status](https://github.com/sindresorhus/type-fest/workflows/CI/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://github.com/sindresorhus/type-fest/actions?query=branch%3Amaster+workflow%3ACI)
[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/unicorn-approved-ff69b4.svg)](https://giphy.com/gifs/illustration-rainbow-unicorn-26AHG5KGFxSkUWw1i)
<!-- Commented out until they actually show anything
[![npm dependents](https://badgen.net/npm/dependents/type-fest)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/type-fest?activeTab=dependents) [![npm downloads](https://badgen.net/npm/dt/type-fest)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/type-fest)
-->
Many of the types here should have been built-in. You can help by suggesting some of them to the [TypeScript project](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
Either add this package as a dependency or copy-paste the needed types. No credit required. 👌
PR welcome for additional commonly needed types and docs improvements. Read the [contributing guidelines](.github/contributing.md) first.
## Install
```
$ npm install type-fest
```
*Requires TypeScript >=3.2*
## Usage
```ts
import {Except} from 'type-fest';
type Foo = {
unicorn: string;
rainbow: boolean;
};
type FooWithoutRainbow = Except<Foo, 'rainbow'>;
//=> {unicorn: string}
```
## API
Click the type names for complete docs.
### Basic
- [`Primitive`](source/basic.d.ts) - Matches any [primitive value](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Primitive).
- [`Class`](source/basic.d.ts) - Matches a [`class` constructor](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes).
- [`TypedArray`](source/basic.d.ts) - Matches any [typed array](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/TypedArray), like `Uint8Array` or `Float64Array`.
- [`JsonObject`](source/basic.d.ts) - Matches a JSON object.
- [`JsonArray`](source/basic.d.ts) - Matches a JSON array.
- [`JsonValue`](source/basic.d.ts) - Matches any valid JSON value.
- [`ObservableLike`](source/basic.d.ts) - Matches a value that is like an [Observable](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-observable).
### Utilities
- [`Except`](source/except.d.ts) - Create a type from an object type without certain keys. This is a stricter version of [`Omit`](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-5.html#the-omit-helper-type).
- [`Mutable`](source/mutable.d.ts) - Convert an object with `readonly` keys into a mutable object. The inverse of `Readonly<T>`.
- [`Merge`](source/merge.d.ts) - Merge two types into a new type. Keys of the second type overrides keys of the first type.
- [`MergeExclusive`](source/merge-exclusive.d.ts) - Create a type that has mutually exclusive keys.
- [`RequireAtLeastOne`](source/require-at-least-one.d.ts) - Create a type that requires at least one of the given keys.
- [`RequireExactlyOne`](source/require-exactly-one.d.ts) - Create a type that requires exactly a single key of the given keys and disallows more.
- [`PartialDeep`](source/partial-deep.d.ts) - Create a deeply optional version of another type. Use [`Partial<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1401-L1406) if you only need one level deep.
- [`ReadonlyDeep`](source/readonly-deep.d.ts) - Create a deeply immutable version of an `object`/`Map`/`Set`/`Array` type. Use [`Readonly<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1415-L1420) if you only need one level deep.
- [`LiteralUnion`](source/literal-union.d.ts) - Create a union type by combining primitive types and literal types without sacrificing auto-completion in IDEs for the literal type part of the union. Workaround for [Microsoft/TypeScript#29729](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/29729).
- [`Promisable`](source/promisable.d.ts) - Create a type that represents either the value or the value wrapped in `PromiseLike`.
- [`Opaque`](source/opaque.d.ts) - Create an [opaque type](https://codemix.com/opaque-types-in-javascript/).
- [`SetOptional`](source/set-optional.d.ts) - Create a type that makes the given keys optional.
- [`SetRequired`](source/set-required.d.ts) - Create a type that makes the given keys required.
- [`ValueOf`](source/value-of.d.ts) - Create a union of the given object's values, and optionally specify which keys to get the values from.
- [`PromiseValue`](source/promise-value.d.ts) - Returns the type that is wrapped inside a `Promise`.
- [`AsyncReturnType`](source/async-return-type.d.ts) - Unwrap the return type of a function that returns a `Promise`.
- [`ConditionalKeys`](source/conditional-keys.d.ts) - Extract keys from a shape where values extend the given `Condition` type.
- [`ConditionalPick`](source/conditional-pick.d.ts) - Like `Pick` except it selects properties from a shape where the values extend the given `Condition` type.
- [`ConditionalExcept`](source/conditional-except.d.ts) - Like `Omit` except it removes properties from a shape where the values extend the given `Condition` type.
- [`UnionToIntersection`](source/union-to-intersection.d.ts) - Convert a union type to an intersection type.
- [`Stringified`](source/stringified.d.ts) - Create a type with the keys of the given type changed to `string` type.
- [`FixedLengthArray`](source/fixed-length-array.d.ts) - Create a type that represents an array of the given type and length.
- [`IterableElement`](source/iterable-element.d.ts) - Get the element type of an `Iterable`/`AsyncIterable`. For example, an array or a generator.
- [`Entry`](source/entry.d.ts) - Create a type that represents the type of an entry of a collection.
- [`Entries`](source/entries.d.ts) - Create a type that represents the type of the entries of a collection.
- [`SetReturnType`](source/set-return-type.d.ts) - Create a function type with a return type of your choice and the same parameters as the given function type.
- [`Asyncify`](source/asyncify.d.ts) - Create an async version of the given function type.
### Miscellaneous
- [`PackageJson`](source/package-json.d.ts) - Type for [npm's `package.json` file](https://docs.npmjs.com/creating-a-package-json-file).
- [`TsConfigJson`](source/tsconfig-json.d.ts) - Type for [TypeScript's `tsconfig.json` file](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/tsconfig-json.html) (TypeScript 3.7).
## Declined types
*If we decline a type addition, we will make sure to document the better solution here.*
- [`Diff` and `Spread`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/type-fest/pull/7) - The PR author didn't provide any real-world use-cases and the PR went stale. If you think this type is useful, provide some real-world use-cases and we might reconsider.
- [`Dictionary`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/type-fest/issues/33) - You only save a few characters (`Dictionary<number>` vs `Record<string, number>`) from [`Record`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1429-L1434), which is more flexible and well-known. Also, you shouldn't use an object as a dictionary. We have `Map` in JavaScript now.
- [`SubType`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/type-fest/issues/22) - The type is powerful, but lacks good use-cases and is prone to misuse.
- [`ExtractProperties` and `ExtractMethods`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/type-fest/pull/4) - The types violate the single responsibility principle. Instead, refine your types into more granular type hierarchies.
## Tips
### Built-in types
There are many advanced types most users don't know about.
- [`Partial<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1401-L1406) - Make all properties in `T` optional.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://www.typescriptlang.org/play/#code/JYOwLgpgTgZghgYwgAgHIHsAmEDC6QzADmyA3gLABQyycADnanALYQBcyAzmFKEQNxUaddFDAcQAV2YAjaIMoBfKlQQAbOJ05osEAIIMAQpOBrsUMkOR1eANziRkCfISKSoD4Pg4ZseAsTIALyW1DS0DEysHADkvvoMMQA0VsKi4sgAzAAMuVaKClY2wPaOknSYDrguADwA0sgQAB6QIJjaANYQAJ7oMDp+LsQAfAAUXd0cdUnI9mo+uv6uANp1ALoAlKHhyGAAFsCcAHTOAW4eYF4gyxNrwbNwago0ypRWp66jH8QcAApwYmAjxq8SWIy2FDCNDA3ToKFBQyIdR69wmfQG1TOhShyBgomQX3w3GQE2Q6IA8jIAFYQBBgI4TTiEs5bTQYsFInrLTbbHZOIlgZDlSqQABqj0kKBC3yINx6a2xfOQwH6o2FVXFaklwSCIUkbQghBAEEwENSfNOlykEGefNe5uhB2O6sgS3GPRmLogmslG1tLxUOKgEDA7hAuydtteryAA)
```ts
interface NodeConfig {
appName: string;
port: number;
}
class NodeAppBuilder {
private configuration: NodeConfig = {
appName: 'NodeApp',
port: 3000
};
private updateConfig<Key extends keyof NodeConfig>(key: Key, value: NodeConfig[Key]) {
this.configuration[key] = value;
}
config(config: Partial<NodeConfig>) {
type NodeConfigKey = keyof NodeConfig;
for (const key of Object.keys(config) as NodeConfigKey[]) {
const updateValue = config[key];
if (updateValue === undefined) {
continue;
}
this.updateConfig(key, updateValue);
}
return this;
}
}
// `Partial<NodeConfig>`` allows us to provide only a part of the
// NodeConfig interface.
new NodeAppBuilder().config({appName: 'ToDoApp'});
```
</details>
- [`Required<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1408-L1413) - Make all properties in `T` required.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#code/AQ4SwOwFwUwJwGYEMDGNgGED21VQGJZwC2wA3gFCjXAzFJgA2A-AFzADOUckA5gNxUaIYjA4ckvGG07c+g6gF8KQkAgCuEFFDA5O6gEbEwUbLm2ESwABQIixACJIoSdgCUYAR3Vg4MACYAPGYuFvYAfACU5Ko0APRxwADKMBD+wFAAFuh2Vv7OSBlYGdmc8ABu8LHKsRyGxqY4oQT21pTCIHQMjOwA5DAAHgACxAAOjDAAdChYxL0ANLHUouKSMH0AEmAAhJhY6ozpAJ77GTCMjMCiV0ToSAb7UJPPC9WRgrEJwAAqR6MwSRQPFGUFocDgRHYxnEfGAowh-zgUCOwF6KwkUl6tXqJhCeEsxDaS1AXSYfUGI3GUxmc0WSneQA)
```ts
interface ContactForm {
email?: string;
message?: string;
}
function submitContactForm(formData: Required<ContactForm>) {
// Send the form data to the server.
}
submitContactForm({
email: 'ex@mple.com',
message: 'Hi! Could you tell me more about…',
});
// TypeScript error: missing property 'message'
submitContactForm({
email: 'ex@mple.com',
});
```
</details>
- [`Readonly<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1415-L1420) - Make all properties in `T` readonly.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#code/AQ4UwOwVwW2AZA9gc3mAbmANsA3gKFCOAHkAzMgGkOJABEwAjKZa2kAUQCcvEu32AMQCGAF2FYBIAL4BufDRABLCKLBcywgMZgEKZOoDCiCGSXI8i4hGEwwALmABnUVxXJ57YFgzZHSVF8sT1BpBSItLGEnJz1kAy5LLy0TM2RHACUwYQATEywATwAeAITjU3MAPnkrCJMXLigtUT4AClxgGztKbyDgaX99I1TzAEokr1BRAAslJwA6FIqLAF48TtswHp9MHDla9hJGACswZvmyLjAwAC8wVpm5xZHkUZDaMKIwqyWXYCW0oN4sNlsA1h0ug5gAByACyBQAggAHJHQ7ZBIFoXbzBjMCz7OoQP5YIaJNYQMAAdziCVaALGNSIAHomcAACoFJFgADKWjcSNEwG4vC4ji0wggEEQguiTnMEGALWAV1yAFp8gVgEjeFyuKICvMrCTgVxnst5jtsGC4ljsPNhXxGaAWcAAOq6YRXYDCRg+RWIcA5JSC+kWdCepQ+v3RYCU3RInzRMCGwlpC19NYBW1Ye08R1AA)
```ts
enum LogLevel {
Off,
Debug,
Error,
Fatal
};
interface LoggerConfig {
name: string;
level: LogLevel;
}
class Logger {
config: Readonly<LoggerConfig>;
constructor({name, level}: LoggerConfig) {
this.config = {name, level};
Object.freeze(this.config);
}
}
const config: LoggerConfig = {
name: 'MyApp',
level: LogLevel.Debug
};
const logger = new Logger(config);
// TypeScript Error: cannot assign to read-only property.
logger.config.level = LogLevel.Error;
// We are able to edit config variable as we please.
config.level = LogLevel.Error;
```
</details>
- [`Pick<T, K>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1422-L1427) - From `T`, pick a set of properties whose keys are in the union `K`.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#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)
```ts
interface Article {
title: string;
thumbnail: string;
content: string;
}
// Creates new type out of the `Article` interface composed
// from the Articles' two properties: `title` and `thumbnail`.
// `ArticlePreview = {title: string; thumbnail: string}`
type ArticlePreview = Pick<Article, 'title' | 'thumbnail'>;
// Render a list of articles using only title and description.
function renderArticlePreviews(previews: ArticlePreview[]): HTMLElement {
const articles = document.createElement('div');
for (const preview of previews) {
// Append preview to the articles.
}
return articles;
}
const articles = renderArticlePreviews([
{
title: 'TypeScript tutorial!',
thumbnail: '/assets/ts.jpg'
}
]);
```
</details>
- [`Record<K, T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1429-L1434) - Construct a type with a set of properties `K` of type `T`.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#code/AQ4ejYAUHsGcCWAXBMB2dgwGbAKYC2ADgDYwCeeemCaWArgE7ADGMxAhmuQHQBQoYEnJE8wALKEARnkaxEKdMAC8wAOS0kstGuAAfdQBM8ANzxlRjXQbVaWACwC0JPB0NqA3HwGgIwAJJoWozYHCxixnAsjAhStADmwESMMJYo1Fi4HMCIaPEu+MRklHj8gpqyoeHAAKJFFFTAAN4+giDYCIxwSAByHAR4AFw5SDF5Xm2gJBzdfQPD3WPxE5PAlBxdAPLYNQAelgh4aOHDaPQEMowrIAC+3oJ+AMKMrlrAXFhSAFZ4LEhC9g4-0BmA4JBISXgiCkBQABpILrJ5MhUGhYcATGD6Bk4Hh-jNgABrPDkOBlXyQAAq9ngYmJpOAAHcEOCRjAXqwYODfoo6DhakUSph+Uh7GI4P0xER4Cj0OSQGwMP8tP1hgAlX7swwAHgRl2RvIANALSA08ABtAC6AD4VM1Wm0Kow0MMrYaHYJjGYLLJXZb3at1HYnC43Go-QHQDcvA6-JsmEJXARgCDgMYWAhjIYhDAU+YiMAAFIwex0ZmilMITCGF79TLAGRsAgJYAAZRwSEZGzEABFTOZUrJ5Yn+jwnWgeER6HB7AAKJrADpdXqS4ZqYultTG6azVfqHswPBbtauLY7fayQ7HIbAAAMwBuAEoYw9IBq2Ixs9h2eFMOQYPQObALQKJgggABeYhghCIpikkKRpOQRIknAsZUiIeCttECBEP8NSMCkjDDAARMGziuIYxHwYOjDCMBmDNnAuTxA6irdCOBB1Lh5Dqpqn66tISIykawBnOCtqqC0gbjqc9DgpGkxegOliyfJDrRkAA)
```ts
// Positions of employees in our company.
type MemberPosition = 'intern' | 'developer' | 'tech-lead';
// Interface describing properties of a single employee.
interface Employee {
firstName: string;
lastName: string;
yearsOfExperience: number;
}
// Create an object that has all possible `MemberPosition` values set as keys.
// Those keys will store a collection of Employees of the same position.
const team: Record<MemberPosition, Employee[]> = {
intern: [],
developer: [],
'tech-lead': [],
};
// Our team has decided to help John with his dream of becoming Software Developer.
team.intern.push({
firstName: 'John',
lastName: 'Doe',
yearsOfExperience: 0
});
// `Record` forces you to initialize all of the property keys.
// TypeScript Error: "tech-lead" property is missing
const teamEmpty: Record<MemberPosition, null> = {
intern: null,
developer: null,
};
```
</details>
- [`Exclude<T, U>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1436-L1439) - Exclude from `T` those types that are assignable to `U`.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#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)
```ts
interface ServerConfig {
port: null | string | number;
}
type RequestHandler = (request: Request, response: Response) => void;
// Exclude `null` type from `null | string | number`.
// In case the port is equal to `null`, we will use default value.
function getPortValue(port: Exclude<ServerConfig['port'], null>): number {
if (typeof port === 'string') {
return parseInt(port, 10);
}
return port;
}
function startServer(handler: RequestHandler, config: ServerConfig): void {
const server = require('http').createServer(handler);
const port = config.port === null ? 3000 : getPortValue(config.port);
server.listen(port);
}
```
</details>
- [`Extract<T, U>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1441-L1444) - Extract from `T` those types that are assignable to `U`.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#code/CYUwxgNghgTiAEAzArgOzAFwJYHtXzSwEdkQBJYACgEoAueVZAWwCMQYBuAKDDwGcM8MgBF4AXngBlAJ6scESgHIRi6ty5ZUGdoihgEABXZ888AN5d48ANoiAuvUat23K6ihMQ9ATE0BzV3goPy8GZjZOLgBfLi4Aejj4AEEICBwAdz54MAALKFQQ+BxEeAAHY1NgKAwoIKy0grr4DByEUpgccpgMaXgAaxBerCzi+B9-ZulygDouFHRsU1z8kKMYE1RhaqgAHkt4AHkWACt4EAAPbVRgLLWNgBp9gGlBs8uQa6yAUUuYPQwdgNpKM7nh7mMML4CgA+R5WABqUAgpDeVxuhxO1he0jsXGh8EoOBO9COx3BQPo2PBADckaR6IjkSA6PBqTgsMBzPsicdrEC7OJWXSQNwYvFEgAVTS9JLXODpeDpKBZFg4GCoWa8VACIJykAKiQWKy2YQOAioYikCg0OEMDyhRSy4DyxS24KhAAMjyi6gS8AAwjh5OD0iBFHAkJoEOksC1mnkMJq8gUQKDNttKPlnfrwYp3J5XfBHXqoKpfYkAOI4ansTxaeDADmoRSCCBYAbxhC6TDx6rwYHIRX5bScjA4bLJwoDmDwDkfbA9JMrVMVdM1TN69LgkTgwgkchUahqIA)
```ts
declare function uniqueId(): number;
const ID = Symbol('ID');
interface Person {
[ID]: number;
name: string;
age: number;
}
// Allows changing the person data as long as the property key is of string type.
function changePersonData<
Obj extends Person,
Key extends Extract<keyof Person, string>,
Value extends Obj[Key]
> (obj: Obj, key: Key, value: Value): void {
obj[key] = value;
}
// Tiny Andrew was born.
const andrew = {
[ID]: uniqueId(),
name: 'Andrew',
age: 0,
};
// Cool, we're fine with that.
changePersonData(andrew, 'name', 'Pony');
// Goverment didn't like the fact that you wanted to change your identity.
changePersonData(andrew, ID, uniqueId());
```
</details>
- [`NonNullable<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1446-L1449) - Exclude `null` and `undefined` from `T`.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
Works with <code>strictNullChecks</code> set to <code>true</code>. (Read more <a href="https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-0.html">here</a>)
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#code/C4TwDgpgBACg9gJ2AOQK4FsBGEFQLxQDOwCAlgHYDmUAPlORtrnQwDasDcAUFwPQBU-WAEMkUOADMowqAGNWwwoSgATCBIqlgpOOSjAAFsOBRSy1IQgr9cKJlSlW1mZYQA3HFH68u8xcoBlHA8EACEHJ08Aby4oKDBUTFZSWXjEFEYcAEIALihkXTR2YSSIAB54JDQsHAA+blj4xOTUsHSACkMzPKD3HHDHNQQAGjSkPMqMmoQASh7g-oihqBi4uNIpdraxPAI2VhmVxrX9AzMAOm2ppnwoAA4ABifuE4BfKAhWSyOTuK7CS7pao3AhXF5rV48E4ICDAVAIPT-cGQyG+XTEIgLMJLTx7CAAdygvRCA0iCHaMwarhJOIQjUBSHaACJHk8mYdeLwxtdcVAAOSsh58+lXdr7Dlcq7A3n3J4PEUdADMcspUE53OluAIUGVTx46oAKuAIAFZGQwCYAKIIBCILjUxaDHAMnla+iodjcIA)
```ts
type PortNumber = string | number | null;
/** Part of a class definition that is used to build a server */
class ServerBuilder {
portNumber!: NonNullable<PortNumber>;
port(this: ServerBuilder, port: PortNumber): ServerBuilder {
if (port == null) {
this.portNumber = 8000;
} else {
this.portNumber = port;
}
return this;
}
}
const serverBuilder = new ServerBuilder();
serverBuilder
.port('8000') // portNumber = '8000'
.port(null) // portNumber = 8000
.port(3000); // portNumber = 3000
// TypeScript error
serverBuilder.portNumber = null;
```
</details>
- [`Parameters<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1451-L1454) - Obtain the parameters of a function type in a tuple.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#code/GYVwdgxgLglg9mABAZwBYmMANgUwBQxgAOIUAXIgIZgCeA2gLoCUFAbnDACaIDeAUIkQB6IYgCypSlBxUATrMo1ECsJzgBbLEoipqAc0J7EMKMgDkiHLnU4wp46pwAPHMgB0fAL58+oSLARECEosLAA5ABUYG2QAHgAxJGdpVWREPDdMylk9ZApqemZEAF4APipacrw-CApEgBogkKwAYThwckQwEHUAIxxZJl4BYVEImiIZKF0oZRwiWVdbeygJmThgOYgcGFYcbhqApCJsyhtpWXcR1cnEePBoeDAABVPzgbTixFeFd8uEsClADcIxGiygIFkSEOT3SmTc2VydQeRx+ZxwF2QQ34gkEwDgsnSuFmMBKiAADEDjIhYk1Qm0OlSYABqZnYka4xA1DJZHJYkGc7yCbyeRA+CAIZCzNAYbA4CIAdxg2zJwVCkWirjwMswuEaACYmCCgA)
```ts
function shuffle(input: any[]): void {
// Mutate array randomly changing its' elements indexes.
}
function callNTimes<Fn extends (...args: any[]) => any> (func: Fn, callCount: number) {
// Type that represents the type of the received function parameters.
type FunctionParameters = Parameters<Fn>;
return function (...args: FunctionParameters) {
for (let i = 0; i < callCount; i++) {
func(...args);
}
}
}
const shuffleTwice = callNTimes(shuffle, 2);
```
</details>
- [`ConstructorParameters<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1456-L1459) - Obtain the parameters of a constructor function type in a tuple.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#code/MYGwhgzhAECCBOAXAlqApgWQPYBM0mgG8AoaaFRENALmgkXmQDsBzAblOmCycTV4D8teo1YdO3JiICuwRFngAKClWENmLAJRFOZRAAtkEAHQq00ALzlklNBzIBfYk+KhIMAJJTEYJsDQAwmDA+mgAPAAq0GgAHnxMODCKTGgA7tCKxllg8CwQtL4AngDaALraFgB80EWa1SRkAA6MAG5gfNAB4FABPDJyCrQR9tDNyG0dwMGhtBhgjWEiGgA00F70vv4RhY3hEZXVVinpc42KmuJkkv3y8Bly8EPaDWTkhiZd7r3e8LK3llwGCMXGQWGhEOsfH5zJlsrl8p0+gw-goAAo5MAAW3BaHgEEilU0tEhmzQ212BJ0ry4SOg+kg+gBBiMximIGA0nAfAQLGk2N4EAAEgzYcYcnkLsRdDTvNEYkYUKwSdCme9WdM0MYwYhFPSIPpJdTkAAzDKxBUaZX+aAAQgsVmkCTQxuYaBw2ng4Ok8CYcotSu8pMur09iG9vuObxZnx6SN+AyUWTF8MN0CcZE4Ywm5jZHK5aB5fP4iCFIqT4oRRTKRLo6lYVNeAHpG50wOzOe1zHr9NLQ+HoABybsD4HOKXXRA1JCoKhBELmI5pNaB6Fz0KKBAodDYPAgSUTmqYsAALx4m5nC6nW9nGq14KtaEUA9gR9PvuNCjQ9BgACNvcwNBtAcLiAA)
```ts
class ArticleModel {
title: string;
content?: string;
constructor(title: string) {
this.title = title;
}
}
class InstanceCache<T extends (new (...args: any[]) => any)> {
private ClassConstructor: T;
private cache: Map<string, InstanceType<T>> = new Map();
constructor (ctr: T) {
this.ClassConstructor = ctr;
}
getInstance (...args: ConstructorParameters<T>): InstanceType<T> {
const hash = this.calculateArgumentsHash(...args);
const existingInstance = this.cache.get(hash);
if (existingInstance !== undefined) {
return existingInstance;
}
return new this.ClassConstructor(...args);
}
private calculateArgumentsHash(...args: any[]): string {
// Calculate hash.
return 'hash';
}
}
const articleCache = new InstanceCache(ArticleModel);
const amazonArticle = articleCache.getInstance('Amazon forests burining!');
```
</details>
- [`ReturnType<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1461-L1464) Obtain the return type of a function type.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#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-YhAA+qegAAYLKQLQj3ZsEsdccmnGcLor2Dn8xGedHGpEIBzEzspfsfMHDNAANTQACMVaIljV5GQkRA5DYmIpVKQAgAJARO9le33BDXIyi0YuLW2nJFGLqkOvxFB0YPdBSaLZ0IwNzyPkO8-xkGgsLh8Al427a3hWAhXwwHA8EHT5PmgAB1bAQBAANJ24adKWpft72RaBUTgRBUCAj89HAM8xCTaBjggABRQx0DuHJv25P9dCkWRZVIAAiBjoFImpmjlFBgA0NpsjadByDacgIDAEAIAAQmYpjoGYgAZSBsmGPw6DtZiiFA8CoJguDmAQmoZ2QvtUKQLdoAYmBTwgdEiCAA)
```ts
/** Provides every element of the iterable `iter` into the `callback` function and stores the results in an array. */
function mapIter<
Elem,
Func extends (elem: Elem) => any,
Ret extends ReturnType<Func>
>(iter: Iterable<Elem>, callback: Func): Ret[] {
const mapped: Ret[] = [];
for (const elem of iter) {
mapped.push(callback(elem));
}
return mapped;
}
const setObject: Set<string> = new Set();
const mapObject: Map<number, string> = new Map();
mapIter(setObject, (value: string) => value.indexOf('Foo')); // number[]
mapIter(mapObject, ([key, value]: [number, string]) => {
return key % 2 === 0 ? value : 'Odd';
}); // string[]
```
</details>
- [`InstanceType<T>`](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/blob/2961bc3fc0ea1117d4e53bc8e97fa76119bc33e3/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1466-L1469) Obtain the instance type of a constructor function type.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#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-YhAA+qegAAYLKQLQj3ZsEsdccmnGcLor2Dn8xGedHGpEIBzEzspfsfMHDNAANTQACMVaIljV5GQkRA5DYmIpVKQAgAJARO9le33BDXIyi0YuLW2nJFGLqkOvxFB0YPdBSaLZ0IwNzyPkO8-xkGgsLh8Al427a3hWAhXwwHA8EHT5PmgAB1bAQBAANJ24adKWpft72RaBUTgRBUCAj89HAM8xCTaBjggABRQx0DuHJv25P9dCkWRZVIAAiBjoFImpmjlFBgA0NpsjadByDacgIDAEAIAAQmYpjoGYgAZSBsmGPw6DtZiiFA8CoJguDmAQmoZ2QvtUKQLdoAYmBTwgdEiCAA)
```ts
class IdleService {
doNothing (): void {}
}
class News {
title: string;
content: string;
constructor(title: string, content: string) {
this.title = title;
this.content = content;
}
}
const instanceCounter: Map<Function, number> = new Map();
interface Constructor {
new(...args: any[]): any;
}
// Keep track how many instances of `Constr` constructor have been created.
function getInstance<
Constr extends Constructor,
Args extends ConstructorParameters<Constr>
>(constructor: Constr, ...args: Args): InstanceType<Constr> {
let count = instanceCounter.get(constructor) || 0;
const instance = new constructor(...args);
instanceCounter.set(constructor, count + 1);
console.log(`Created ${count + 1} instances of ${Constr.name} class`);
return instance;
}
const idleService = getInstance(IdleService);
// Will log: `Created 1 instances of IdleService class`
const newsEntry = getInstance(News, 'New ECMAScript proposals!', 'Last month...');
// Will log: `Created 1 instances of News class`
```
</details>
- [`Omit<T, K>`](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/71af02f7459dc812e85ac31365bfe23daf14b4e4/src/lib/es5.d.ts#L1446) Constructs a type by picking all properties from T and then removing K.
<details>
<summary>
Example
</summary>
[Playground](https://typescript-play.js.org/?target=6#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-SgfXlHqVUE4xiAA)
```ts
interface Animal {
imageUrl: string;
species: string;
images: string[];
paragraphs: string[];
}
// Creates new type with all properties of the `Animal` interface
// except 'images' and 'paragraphs' properties. We can use this
// type to render small hover tooltip for a wiki entry list.
type AnimalShortInfo = Omit<Animal, 'images' | 'paragraphs'>;
function renderAnimalHoverInfo (animals: AnimalShortInfo[]): HTMLElement {
const container = document.createElement('div');
// Internal implementation.
return container;
}
```
</details>
You can find some examples in the [TypeScript docs](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/advanced-types.html#predefined-conditional-types).
## Maintainers
- [Sindre Sorhus](https://github.com/sindresorhus)
- [Jarek Radosz](https://github.com/CvX)
- [Dimitri Benin](https://github.com/BendingBender)
## License
(MIT OR CC0-1.0)
---
<div align="center">
<b>
<a href="https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/npm-type-fest?utm_source=npm-type-fest&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=readme">Get professional support for this package with a Tidelift subscription</a>
</b>
<br>
<sub>
Tidelift helps make open source sustainable for maintainers while giving companies<br>assurances about security, maintenance, and licensing for their dependencies.
</sub>
</div>

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@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
import {PromiseValue} from './promise-value';
type AsyncFunction = (...args: any[]) => Promise<unknown>;
/**
Unwrap the return type of a function that returns a `Promise`.
There has been [discussion](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/pull/35998) about implementing this type in TypeScript.
@example
```ts
import {AsyncReturnType} from 'type-fest';
import {asyncFunction} from 'api';
// This type resolves to the unwrapped return type of `asyncFunction`.
type Value = AsyncReturnType<typeof asyncFunction>;
async function doSomething(value: Value) {}
asyncFunction().then(value => doSomething(value));
```
*/
export type AsyncReturnType<Target extends AsyncFunction> = PromiseValue<ReturnType<Target>>;

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import {PromiseValue} from './promise-value';
import {SetReturnType} from './set-return-type';
/**
Create an async version of the given function type, by boxing the return type in `Promise` while keeping the same parameter types.
Use-case: You have two functions, one synchronous and one asynchronous that do the same thing. Instead of having to duplicate the type definition, you can use `Asyncify` to reuse the synchronous type.
@example
```
import {Asyncify} from 'type-fest';
// Synchronous function.
function getFooSync(someArg: SomeType): Foo {
// …
}
type AsyncifiedFooGetter = Asyncify<typeof getFooSync>;
//=> type AsyncifiedFooGetter = (someArg: SomeType) => Promise<Foo>;
// Same as `getFooSync` but asynchronous.
const getFooAsync: AsyncifiedFooGetter = (someArg) => {
// TypeScript now knows that `someArg` is `SomeType` automatically.
// It also knows that this function must return `Promise<Foo>`.
// If you have `@typescript-eslint/promise-function-async` linter rule enabled, it will even report that "Functions that return promises must be async.".
// …
}
```
*/
export type Asyncify<Fn extends (...args: any[]) => any> = SetReturnType<Fn, Promise<PromiseValue<ReturnType<Fn>>>>;

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@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
/// <reference lib="esnext"/>
// TODO: This can just be `export type Primitive = not object` when the `not` keyword is out.
/**
Matches any [primitive value](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Primitive).
*/
export type Primitive =
| null
| undefined
| string
| number
| boolean
| symbol
| bigint;
// TODO: Remove the `= unknown` sometime in the future when most users are on TS 3.5 as it's now the default
/**
Matches a [`class` constructor](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes).
*/
export type Class<T = unknown, Arguments extends any[] = any[]> = new(...arguments_: Arguments) => T;
/**
Matches any [typed array](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/TypedArray), like `Uint8Array` or `Float64Array`.
*/
export type TypedArray =
| Int8Array
| Uint8Array
| Uint8ClampedArray
| Int16Array
| Uint16Array
| Int32Array
| Uint32Array
| Float32Array
| Float64Array
| BigInt64Array
| BigUint64Array;
/**
Matches a JSON object.
This type can be useful to enforce some input to be JSON-compatible or as a super-type to be extended from. Don't use this as a direct return type as the user would have to double-cast it: `jsonObject as unknown as CustomResponse`. Instead, you could extend your CustomResponse type from it to ensure your type only uses JSON-compatible types: `interface CustomResponse extends JsonObject { … }`.
*/
export type JsonObject = {[Key in string]?: JsonValue};
/**
Matches a JSON array.
*/
export interface JsonArray extends Array<JsonValue> {}
/**
Matches any valid JSON value.
*/
export type JsonValue = string | number | boolean | null | JsonObject | JsonArray;
declare global {
interface SymbolConstructor {
readonly observable: symbol;
}
}
/**
Matches a value that is like an [Observable](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-observable).
*/
export interface ObservableLike {
subscribe(observer: (value: unknown) => void): void;
[Symbol.observable](): ObservableLike;
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
import {Except} from './except';
import {ConditionalKeys} from './conditional-keys';
/**
Exclude keys from a shape that matches the given `Condition`.
This is useful when you want to create a new type with a specific set of keys from a shape. For example, you might want to exclude all the primitive properties from a class and form a new shape containing everything but the primitive properties.
@example
```
import {Primitive, ConditionalExcept} from 'type-fest';
class Awesome {
name: string;
successes: number;
failures: bigint;
run() {}
}
type ExceptPrimitivesFromAwesome = ConditionalExcept<Awesome, Primitive>;
//=> {run: () => void}
```
@example
```
import {ConditionalExcept} from 'type-fest';
interface Example {
a: string;
b: string | number;
c: () => void;
d: {};
}
type NonStringKeysOnly = ConditionalExcept<Example, string>;
//=> {b: string | number; c: () => void; d: {}}
```
*/
export type ConditionalExcept<Base, Condition> = Except<
Base,
ConditionalKeys<Base, Condition>
>;

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@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
/**
Extract the keys from a type where the value type of the key extends the given `Condition`.
Internally this is used for the `ConditionalPick` and `ConditionalExcept` types.
@example
```
import {ConditionalKeys} from 'type-fest';
interface Example {
a: string;
b: string | number;
c?: string;
d: {};
}
type StringKeysOnly = ConditionalKeys<Example, string>;
//=> 'a'
```
To support partial types, make sure your `Condition` is a union of undefined (for example, `string | undefined`) as demonstrated below.
@example
```
type StringKeysAndUndefined = ConditionalKeys<Example, string | undefined>;
//=> 'a' | 'c'
```
*/
export type ConditionalKeys<Base, Condition> = NonNullable<
// Wrap in `NonNullable` to strip away the `undefined` type from the produced union.
{
// Map through all the keys of the given base type.
[Key in keyof Base]:
// Pick only keys with types extending the given `Condition` type.
Base[Key] extends Condition
// Retain this key since the condition passes.
? Key
// Discard this key since the condition fails.
: never;
// Convert the produced object into a union type of the keys which passed the conditional test.
}[keyof Base]
>;

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@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
import {ConditionalKeys} from './conditional-keys';
/**
Pick keys from the shape that matches the given `Condition`.
This is useful when you want to create a new type from a specific subset of an existing type. For example, you might want to pick all the primitive properties from a class and form a new automatically derived type.
@example
```
import {Primitive, ConditionalPick} from 'type-fest';
class Awesome {
name: string;
successes: number;
failures: bigint;
run() {}
}
type PickPrimitivesFromAwesome = ConditionalPick<Awesome, Primitive>;
//=> {name: string; successes: number; failures: bigint}
```
@example
```
import {ConditionalPick} from 'type-fest';
interface Example {
a: string;
b: string | number;
c: () => void;
d: {};
}
type StringKeysOnly = ConditionalPick<Example, string>;
//=> {a: string}
```
*/
export type ConditionalPick<Base, Condition> = Pick<
Base,
ConditionalKeys<Base, Condition>
>;

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import {ArrayEntry, MapEntry, ObjectEntry, SetEntry} from './entry';
type ArrayEntries<BaseType extends readonly unknown[]> = Array<ArrayEntry<BaseType>>;
type MapEntries<BaseType> = Array<MapEntry<BaseType>>;
type ObjectEntries<BaseType> = Array<ObjectEntry<BaseType>>;
type SetEntries<BaseType extends Set<unknown>> = Array<SetEntry<BaseType>>;
/**
Many collections have an `entries` method which returns an array of a given object's own enumerable string-keyed property [key, value] pairs. The `Entries` type will return the type of that collection's entries.
For example the {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/entries|`Object`}, {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Map/entries|`Map`}, {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/entries|`Array`}, and {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Set/entries|`Set`} collections all have this method. Note that `WeakMap` and `WeakSet` do not have this method since their entries are not enumerable.
@see `Entry` if you want to just access the type of a single entry.
@example
```
import {Entries} from 'type-fest';
interface Example {
someKey: number;
}
const manipulatesEntries = (examples: Entries<Example>) => examples.map(example => [
// Does some arbitrary processing on the key (with type information available)
example[0].toUpperCase(),
// Does some arbitrary processing on the value (with type information available)
example[1].toFixed()
]);
const example: Example = {someKey: 1};
const entries = Object.entries(example) as Entries<Example>;
const output = manipulatesEntries(entries);
// Objects
const objectExample = {a: 1};
const objectEntries: Entries<typeof objectExample> = [['a', 1]];
// Arrays
const arrayExample = ['a', 1];
const arrayEntries: Entries<typeof arrayExample> = [[0, 'a'], [1, 1]];
// Maps
const mapExample = new Map([['a', 1]]);
const mapEntries: Entries<typeof map> = [['a', 1]];
// Sets
const setExample = new Set(['a', 1]);
const setEntries: Entries<typeof setExample> = [['a', 'a'], [1, 1]];
```
*/
export type Entries<BaseType> =
BaseType extends Map<unknown, unknown> ? MapEntries<BaseType>
: BaseType extends Set<unknown> ? SetEntries<BaseType>
: BaseType extends unknown[] ? ArrayEntries<BaseType>
: BaseType extends object ? ObjectEntries<BaseType>
: never;

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type MapKey<BaseType> = BaseType extends Map<infer KeyType, unknown> ? KeyType : never;
type MapValue<BaseType> = BaseType extends Map<unknown, infer ValueType> ? ValueType : never;
export type ArrayEntry<BaseType extends readonly unknown[]> = [number, BaseType[number]];
export type MapEntry<BaseType> = [MapKey<BaseType>, MapValue<BaseType>];
export type ObjectEntry<BaseType> = [keyof BaseType, BaseType[keyof BaseType]];
export type SetEntry<BaseType> = BaseType extends Set<infer ItemType> ? [ItemType, ItemType] : never;
/**
Many collections have an `entries` method which returns an array of a given object's own enumerable string-keyed property [key, value] pairs. The `Entry` type will return the type of that collection's entry.
For example the {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/entries|`Object`}, {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Map/entries|`Map`}, {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/entries|`Array`}, and {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Set/entries|`Set`} collections all have this method. Note that `WeakMap` and `WeakSet` do not have this method since their entries are not enumerable.
@see `Entries` if you want to just access the type of the array of entries (which is the return of the `.entries()` method).
@example
```
import {Entry} from 'type-fest';
interface Example {
someKey: number;
}
const manipulatesEntry = (example: Entry<Example>) => [
// Does some arbitrary processing on the key (with type information available)
example[0].toUpperCase(),
// Does some arbitrary processing on the value (with type information available)
example[1].toFixed(),
];
const example: Example = {someKey: 1};
const entry = Object.entries(example)[0] as Entry<Example>;
const output = manipulatesEntry(entry);
// Objects
const objectExample = {a: 1};
const objectEntry: Entry<typeof objectExample> = ['a', 1];
// Arrays
const arrayExample = ['a', 1];
const arrayEntryString: Entry<typeof arrayExample> = [0, 'a'];
const arrayEntryNumber: Entry<typeof arrayExample> = [1, 1];
// Maps
const mapExample = new Map([['a', 1]]);
const mapEntry: Entry<typeof map> = ['a', 1];
// Sets
const setExample = new Set(['a', 1]);
const setEntryString: Entry<typeof setExample> = ['a', 'a'];
const setEntryNumber: Entry<typeof setExample> = [1, 1];
```
*/
export type Entry<BaseType> =
BaseType extends Map<unknown, unknown> ? MapEntry<BaseType>
: BaseType extends Set<unknown> ? SetEntry<BaseType>
: BaseType extends unknown[] ? ArrayEntry<BaseType>
: BaseType extends object ? ObjectEntry<BaseType>
: never;

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@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
/**
Create a type from an object type without certain keys.
This type is a stricter version of [`Omit`](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-5.html#the-omit-helper-type). The `Omit` type does not restrict the omitted keys to be keys present on the given type, while `Except` does. The benefits of a stricter type are avoiding typos and allowing the compiler to pick up on rename refactors automatically.
Please upvote [this issue](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/30825) if you want to have the stricter version as a built-in in TypeScript.
@example
```
import {Except} from 'type-fest';
type Foo = {
a: number;
b: string;
c: boolean;
};
type FooWithoutA = Except<Foo, 'a' | 'c'>;
//=> {b: string};
```
*/
export type Except<ObjectType, KeysType extends keyof ObjectType> = Pick<ObjectType, Exclude<keyof ObjectType, KeysType>>;

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@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
/**
Methods to exclude.
*/
type ArrayLengthMutationKeys = 'splice' | 'push' | 'pop' | 'shift' | 'unshift';
/**
Create a type that represents an array of the given type and length. The array's length and the `Array` prototype methods that manipulate its length are excluded in the resulting type.
Please participate in [this issue](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/26223) if you want to have a similiar type built into TypeScript.
Use-cases:
- Declaring fixed-length tuples or arrays with a large number of items.
- Creating a range union (for example, `0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4` from the keys of such a type) without having to resort to recursive types.
- Creating an array of coordinates with a static length, for example, length of 3 for a 3D vector.
@example
```
import {FixedLengthArray} from 'type-fest';
type FencingTeam = FixedLengthArray<string, 3>;
const guestFencingTeam: FencingTeam = ['Josh', 'Michael', 'Robert'];
const homeFencingTeam: FencingTeam = ['George', 'John'];
//=> error TS2322: Type string[] is not assignable to type 'FencingTeam'
guestFencingTeam.push('Sam');
//=> error TS2339: Property 'push' does not exist on type 'FencingTeam'
```
*/
export type FixedLengthArray<Element, Length extends number, ArrayPrototype = [Element, ...Element[]]> = Pick<
ArrayPrototype,
Exclude<keyof ArrayPrototype, ArrayLengthMutationKeys>
> & {
[index: number]: Element;
[Symbol.iterator]: () => IterableIterator<Element>;
readonly length: Length;
};

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/**
Get the element type of an `Iterable`/`AsyncIterable`. For example, an array or a generator.
This can be useful, for example, if you want to get the type that is yielded in a generator function. Often the return type of those functions are not specified.
This type works with both `Iterable`s and `AsyncIterable`s, so it can be use with synchronous and asynchronous generators.
Here is an example of `IterableElement` in action with a generator function:
@example
```
function * iAmGenerator() {
yield 1;
yield 2;
}
type MeNumber = IterableElement<ReturnType<typeof iAmGenerator>>
```
And here is an example with an async generator:
@example
```
async function * iAmGeneratorAsync() {
yield 'hi';
yield true;
}
type MeStringOrBoolean = IterableElement<ReturnType<typeof iAmGeneratorAsync>>
```
Many types in JavaScript/TypeScript are iterables. This type works on all types that implement those interfaces. For example, `Array`, `Set`, `Map`, `stream.Readable`, etc.
An example with an array of strings:
@example
```
type MeString = IterableElement<string[]>
```
*/
export type IterableElement<TargetIterable> =
TargetIterable extends Iterable<infer ElementType> ?
ElementType :
TargetIterable extends AsyncIterable<infer ElementType> ?
ElementType :
never;

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import {Primitive} from './basic';
/**
Allows creating a union type by combining primitive types and literal types without sacrificing auto-completion in IDEs for the literal type part of the union.
Currently, when a union type of a primitive type is combined with literal types, TypeScript loses all information about the combined literals. Thus, when such type is used in an IDE with autocompletion, no suggestions are made for the declared literals.
This type is a workaround for [Microsoft/TypeScript#29729](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/29729). It will be removed as soon as it's not needed anymore.
@example
```
import {LiteralUnion} from 'type-fest';
// Before
type Pet = 'dog' | 'cat' | string;
const pet: Pet = '';
// Start typing in your TypeScript-enabled IDE.
// You **will not** get auto-completion for `dog` and `cat` literals.
// After
type Pet2 = LiteralUnion<'dog' | 'cat', string>;
const pet: Pet2 = '';
// You **will** get auto-completion for `dog` and `cat` literals.
```
*/
export type LiteralUnion<
LiteralType,
BaseType extends Primitive
> = LiteralType | (BaseType & {_?: never});

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// Helper type. Not useful on its own.
type Without<FirstType, SecondType> = {[KeyType in Exclude<keyof FirstType, keyof SecondType>]?: never};
/**
Create a type that has mutually exclusive keys.
This type was inspired by [this comment](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/14094#issuecomment-373782604).
This type works with a helper type, called `Without`. `Without<FirstType, SecondType>` produces a type that has only keys from `FirstType` which are not present on `SecondType` and sets the value type for these keys to `never`. This helper type is then used in `MergeExclusive` to remove keys from either `FirstType` or `SecondType`.
@example
```
import {MergeExclusive} from 'type-fest';
interface ExclusiveVariation1 {
exclusive1: boolean;
}
interface ExclusiveVariation2 {
exclusive2: string;
}
type ExclusiveOptions = MergeExclusive<ExclusiveVariation1, ExclusiveVariation2>;
let exclusiveOptions: ExclusiveOptions;
exclusiveOptions = {exclusive1: true};
//=> Works
exclusiveOptions = {exclusive2: 'hi'};
//=> Works
exclusiveOptions = {exclusive1: true, exclusive2: 'hi'};
//=> Error
```
*/
export type MergeExclusive<FirstType, SecondType> =
(FirstType | SecondType) extends object ?
(Without<FirstType, SecondType> & SecondType) | (Without<SecondType, FirstType> & FirstType) :
FirstType | SecondType;

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import {Except} from './except';
/**
Merge two types into a new type. Keys of the second type overrides keys of the first type.
@example
```
import {Merge} from 'type-fest';
type Foo = {
a: number;
b: string;
};
type Bar = {
b: number;
};
const ab: Merge<Foo, Bar> = {a: 1, b: 2};
```
*/
export type Merge<FirstType, SecondType> = Except<FirstType, Extract<keyof FirstType, keyof SecondType>> & SecondType;

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/**
Convert an object with `readonly` keys into a mutable object. Inverse of `Readonly<T>`.
This can be used to [store and mutate options within a class](https://github.com/sindresorhus/pageres/blob/4a5d05fca19a5fbd2f53842cbf3eb7b1b63bddd2/source/index.ts#L72), [edit `readonly` objects within tests](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50703834), and [construct a `readonly` object within a function](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/24509).
@example
```
import {Mutable} from 'type-fest';
type Foo = {
readonly a: number;
readonly b: string;
};
const mutableFoo: Mutable<Foo> = {a: 1, b: '2'};
mutableFoo.a = 3;
```
*/
export type Mutable<ObjectType> = {
// For each `Key` in the keys of `ObjectType`, make a mapped type by removing the `readonly` modifier from the key.
-readonly [KeyType in keyof ObjectType]: ObjectType[KeyType];
};

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/**
Create an opaque type, which hides its internal details from the public, and can only be created by being used explicitly.
The generic type parameter can be anything. It doesn't have to be an object.
[Read more about opaque types.](https://codemix.com/opaque-types-in-javascript/)
There have been several discussions about adding this feature to TypeScript via the `opaque type` operator, similar to how Flow does it. Unfortunately, nothing has (yet) moved forward:
- [Microsoft/TypeScript#15408](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/15408)
- [Microsoft/TypeScript#15807](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/15807)
@example
```
import {Opaque} from 'type-fest';
type AccountNumber = Opaque<number, 'AccountNumber'>;
type AccountBalance = Opaque<number, 'AccountBalance'>;
// The Token parameter allows the compiler to differentiate between types, whereas "unknown" will not. For example, consider the following structures:
type ThingOne = Opaque<string>;
type ThingTwo = Opaque<string>;
// To the compiler, these types are allowed to be cast to each other as they have the same underlying type. They are both `string & { __opaque__: unknown }`.
// To avoid this behaviour, you would instead pass the "Token" parameter, like so.
type NewThingOne = Opaque<string, 'ThingOne'>;
type NewThingTwo = Opaque<string, 'ThingTwo'>;
// Now they're completely separate types, so the following will fail to compile.
function createNewThingOne (): NewThingOne {
// As you can see, casting from a string is still allowed. However, you may not cast NewThingOne to NewThingTwo, and vice versa.
return 'new thing one' as NewThingOne;
}
// This will fail to compile, as they are fundamentally different types.
const thingTwo = createNewThingOne() as NewThingTwo;
// Here's another example of opaque typing.
function createAccountNumber(): AccountNumber {
return 2 as AccountNumber;
}
function getMoneyForAccount(accountNumber: AccountNumber): AccountBalance {
return 4 as AccountBalance;
}
// This will compile successfully.
getMoneyForAccount(createAccountNumber());
// But this won't, because it has to be explicitly passed as an `AccountNumber` type.
getMoneyForAccount(2);
// You can use opaque values like they aren't opaque too.
const accountNumber = createAccountNumber();
// This will not compile successfully.
const newAccountNumber = accountNumber + 2;
// As a side note, you can (and should) use recursive types for your opaque types to make them stronger and hopefully easier to type.
type Person = {
id: Opaque<number, Person>;
name: string;
};
```
*/
export type Opaque<Type, Token = unknown> = Type & {readonly __opaque__: Token};

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import {LiteralUnion} from './literal-union';
declare namespace PackageJson {
/**
A person who has been involved in creating or maintaining the package.
*/
export type Person =
| string
| {
name: string;
url?: string;
email?: string;
};
export type BugsLocation =
| string
| {
/**
The URL to the package's issue tracker.
*/
url?: string;
/**
The email address to which issues should be reported.
*/
email?: string;
};
export interface DirectoryLocations {
[directoryType: string]: unknown;
/**
Location for executable scripts. Sugar to generate entries in the `bin` property by walking the folder.
*/
bin?: string;
/**
Location for Markdown files.
*/
doc?: string;
/**
Location for example scripts.
*/
example?: string;
/**
Location for the bulk of the library.
*/
lib?: string;
/**
Location for man pages. Sugar to generate a `man` array by walking the folder.
*/
man?: string;
/**
Location for test files.
*/
test?: string;
}
export type Scripts = {
/**
Run **before** the package is published (Also run on local `npm install` without any arguments).
*/
prepublish?: string;
/**
Run both **before** the package is packed and published, and on local `npm install` without any arguments. This is run **after** `prepublish`, but **before** `prepublishOnly`.
*/
prepare?: string;
/**
Run **before** the package is prepared and packed, **only** on `npm publish`.
*/
prepublishOnly?: string;
/**
Run **before** a tarball is packed (on `npm pack`, `npm publish`, and when installing git dependencies).
*/
prepack?: string;
/**
Run **after** the tarball has been generated and moved to its final destination.
*/
postpack?: string;
/**
Run **after** the package is published.
*/
publish?: string;
/**
Run **after** the package is published.
*/
postpublish?: string;
/**
Run **before** the package is installed.
*/
preinstall?: string;
/**
Run **after** the package is installed.
*/
install?: string;
/**
Run **after** the package is installed and after `install`.
*/
postinstall?: string;
/**
Run **before** the package is uninstalled and before `uninstall`.
*/
preuninstall?: string;
/**
Run **before** the package is uninstalled.
*/
uninstall?: string;
/**
Run **after** the package is uninstalled.
*/
postuninstall?: string;
/**
Run **before** bump the package version and before `version`.
*/
preversion?: string;
/**
Run **before** bump the package version.
*/
version?: string;
/**
Run **after** bump the package version.
*/
postversion?: string;
/**
Run with the `npm test` command, before `test`.
*/
pretest?: string;
/**
Run with the `npm test` command.
*/
test?: string;
/**
Run with the `npm test` command, after `test`.
*/
posttest?: string;
/**
Run with the `npm stop` command, before `stop`.
*/
prestop?: string;
/**
Run with the `npm stop` command.
*/
stop?: string;
/**
Run with the `npm stop` command, after `stop`.
*/
poststop?: string;
/**
Run with the `npm start` command, before `start`.
*/
prestart?: string;
/**
Run with the `npm start` command.
*/
start?: string;
/**
Run with the `npm start` command, after `start`.
*/
poststart?: string;
/**
Run with the `npm restart` command, before `restart`. Note: `npm restart` will run the `stop` and `start` scripts if no `restart` script is provided.
*/
prerestart?: string;
/**
Run with the `npm restart` command. Note: `npm restart` will run the `stop` and `start` scripts if no `restart` script is provided.
*/
restart?: string;
/**
Run with the `npm restart` command, after `restart`. Note: `npm restart` will run the `stop` and `start` scripts if no `restart` script is provided.
*/
postrestart?: string;
} & {
[scriptName: string]: string;
};
/**
Dependencies of the package. The version range is a string which has one or more space-separated descriptors. Dependencies can also be identified with a tarball or Git URL.
*/
export interface Dependency {
[packageName: string]: string;
}
/**
Conditions which provide a way to resolve a package entry point based on the environment.
*/
export type ExportCondition = LiteralUnion<
| 'import'
| 'require'
| 'node'
| 'deno'
| 'browser'
| 'electron'
| 'react-native'
| 'default',
string
>;
/**
Entry points of a module, optionally with conditions and subpath exports.
*/
export type Exports =
| string
| {[key in ExportCondition]: Exports}
| {[key: string]: Exports};
export interface NonStandardEntryPoints {
/**
An ECMAScript module ID that is the primary entry point to the program.
*/
module?: string;
/**
A module ID with untranspiled code that is the primary entry point to the program.
*/
esnext?:
| string
| {
[moduleName: string]: string | undefined;
main?: string;
browser?: string;
};
/**
A hint to JavaScript bundlers or component tools when packaging modules for client side use.
*/
browser?:
| string
| {
[moduleName: string]: string | false;
};
/**
Denote which files in your project are "pure" and therefore safe for Webpack to prune if unused.
[Read more.](https://webpack.js.org/guides/tree-shaking/)
*/
sideEffects?: boolean | string[];
}
export interface TypeScriptConfiguration {
/**
Location of the bundled TypeScript declaration file.
*/
types?: string;
/**
Location of the bundled TypeScript declaration file. Alias of `types`.
*/
typings?: string;
}
/**
An alternative configuration for Yarn workspaces.
*/
export interface WorkspaceConfig {
/**
An array of workspace pattern strings which contain the workspace packages.
*/
packages?: WorkspacePattern[];
/**
Designed to solve the problem of packages which break when their `node_modules` are moved to the root workspace directory - a process known as hoisting. For these packages, both within your workspace, and also some that have been installed via `node_modules`, it is important to have a mechanism for preventing the default Yarn workspace behavior. By adding workspace pattern strings here, Yarn will resume non-workspace behavior for any package which matches the defined patterns.
[Read more](https://classic.yarnpkg.com/blog/2018/02/15/nohoist/)
*/
nohoist?: WorkspacePattern[];
}
/**
A workspace pattern points to a directory or group of directories which contain packages that should be included in the workspace installation process.
The patterns are handled with [minimatch](https://github.com/isaacs/minimatch).
@example
`docs` → Include the docs directory and install its dependencies.
`packages/*` → Include all nested directories within the packages directory, like `packages/cli` and `packages/core`.
*/
type WorkspacePattern = string;
export interface YarnConfiguration {
/**
Used to configure [Yarn workspaces](https://classic.yarnpkg.com/docs/workspaces/).
Workspaces allow you to manage multiple packages within the same repository in such a way that you only need to run `yarn install` once to install all of them in a single pass.
Please note that the top-level `private` property of `package.json` **must** be set to `true` in order to use workspaces.
*/
workspaces?: WorkspacePattern[] | WorkspaceConfig;
/**
If your package only allows one version of a given dependency, and youd like to enforce the same behavior as `yarn install --flat` on the command-line, set this to `true`.
Note that if your `package.json` contains `"flat": true` and other packages depend on yours (e.g. you are building a library rather than an app), those other packages will also need `"flat": true` in their `package.json` or be installed with `yarn install --flat` on the command-line.
*/
flat?: boolean;
/**
Selective version resolutions. Allows the definition of custom package versions inside dependencies without manual edits in the `yarn.lock` file.
*/
resolutions?: Dependency;
}
export interface JSPMConfiguration {
/**
JSPM configuration.
*/
jspm?: PackageJson;
}
/**
Type for [npm's `package.json` file](https://docs.npmjs.com/creating-a-package-json-file). Containing standard npm properties.
*/
export interface PackageJsonStandard {
/**
The name of the package.
*/
name?: string;
/**
Package version, parseable by [`node-semver`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver).
*/
version?: string;
/**
Package description, listed in `npm search`.
*/
description?: string;
/**
Keywords associated with package, listed in `npm search`.
*/
keywords?: string[];
/**
The URL to the package's homepage.
*/
homepage?: LiteralUnion<'.', string>;
/**
The URL to the package's issue tracker and/or the email address to which issues should be reported.
*/
bugs?: BugsLocation;
/**
The license for the package.
*/
license?: string;
/**
The licenses for the package.
*/
licenses?: Array<{
type?: string;
url?: string;
}>;
author?: Person;
/**
A list of people who contributed to the package.
*/
contributors?: Person[];
/**
A list of people who maintain the package.
*/
maintainers?: Person[];
/**
The files included in the package.
*/
files?: string[];
/**
Resolution algorithm for importing ".js" files from the package's scope.
[Read more.](https://nodejs.org/api/esm.html#esm_package_json_type_field)
*/
type?: 'module' | 'commonjs';
/**
The module ID that is the primary entry point to the program.
*/
main?: string;
/**
Standard entry points of the package, with enhanced support for ECMAScript Modules.
[Read more.](https://nodejs.org/api/esm.html#esm_package_entry_points)
*/
exports?: Exports;
/**
The executable files that should be installed into the `PATH`.
*/
bin?:
| string
| {
[binary: string]: string;
};
/**
Filenames to put in place for the `man` program to find.
*/
man?: string | string[];
/**
Indicates the structure of the package.
*/
directories?: DirectoryLocations;
/**
Location for the code repository.
*/
repository?:
| string
| {
type: string;
url: string;
/**
Relative path to package.json if it is placed in non-root directory (for example if it is part of a monorepo).
[Read more.](https://github.com/npm/rfcs/blob/latest/implemented/0010-monorepo-subdirectory-declaration.md)
*/
directory?: string;
};
/**
Script commands that are run at various times in the lifecycle of the package. The key is the lifecycle event, and the value is the command to run at that point.
*/
scripts?: Scripts;
/**
Is used to set configuration parameters used in package scripts that persist across upgrades.
*/
config?: {
[configKey: string]: unknown;
};
/**
The dependencies of the package.
*/
dependencies?: Dependency;
/**
Additional tooling dependencies that are not required for the package to work. Usually test, build, or documentation tooling.
*/
devDependencies?: Dependency;
/**
Dependencies that are skipped if they fail to install.
*/
optionalDependencies?: Dependency;
/**
Dependencies that will usually be required by the package user directly or via another dependency.
*/
peerDependencies?: Dependency;
/**
Indicate peer dependencies that are optional.
*/
peerDependenciesMeta?: {
[packageName: string]: {
optional: true;
};
};
/**
Package names that are bundled when the package is published.
*/
bundledDependencies?: string[];
/**
Alias of `bundledDependencies`.
*/
bundleDependencies?: string[];
/**
Engines that this package runs on.
*/
engines?: {
[EngineName in 'npm' | 'node' | string]: string;
};
/**
@deprecated
*/
engineStrict?: boolean;
/**
Operating systems the module runs on.
*/
os?: Array<LiteralUnion<
| 'aix'
| 'darwin'
| 'freebsd'
| 'linux'
| 'openbsd'
| 'sunos'
| 'win32'
| '!aix'
| '!darwin'
| '!freebsd'
| '!linux'
| '!openbsd'
| '!sunos'
| '!win32',
string
>>;
/**
CPU architectures the module runs on.
*/
cpu?: Array<LiteralUnion<
| 'arm'
| 'arm64'
| 'ia32'
| 'mips'
| 'mipsel'
| 'ppc'
| 'ppc64'
| 's390'
| 's390x'
| 'x32'
| 'x64'
| '!arm'
| '!arm64'
| '!ia32'
| '!mips'
| '!mipsel'
| '!ppc'
| '!ppc64'
| '!s390'
| '!s390x'
| '!x32'
| '!x64',
string
>>;
/**
If set to `true`, a warning will be shown if package is installed locally. Useful if the package is primarily a command-line application that should be installed globally.
@deprecated
*/
preferGlobal?: boolean;
/**
If set to `true`, then npm will refuse to publish it.
*/
private?: boolean;
/**
A set of config values that will be used at publish-time. It's especially handy to set the tag, registry or access, to ensure that a given package is not tagged with 'latest', published to the global public registry or that a scoped module is private by default.
*/
publishConfig?: {
[config: string]: unknown;
};
/**
Describes and notifies consumers of a package's monetary support information.
[Read more.](https://github.com/npm/rfcs/blob/latest/accepted/0017-add-funding-support.md)
*/
funding?: string | {
/**
The type of funding.
*/
type?: LiteralUnion<
| 'github'
| 'opencollective'
| 'patreon'
| 'individual'
| 'foundation'
| 'corporation',
string
>;
/**
The URL to the funding page.
*/
url: string;
};
}
}
/**
Type for [npm's `package.json` file](https://docs.npmjs.com/creating-a-package-json-file). Also includes types for fields used by other popular projects, like TypeScript and Yarn.
*/
export type PackageJson =
PackageJson.PackageJsonStandard &
PackageJson.NonStandardEntryPoints &
PackageJson.TypeScriptConfiguration &
PackageJson.YarnConfiguration &
PackageJson.JSPMConfiguration;

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import {Primitive} from './basic';
/**
Create a type from another type with all keys and nested keys set to optional.
Use-cases:
- Merging a default settings/config object with another object, the second object would be a deep partial of the default object.
- Mocking and testing complex entities, where populating an entire object with its keys would be redundant in terms of the mock or test.
@example
```
import {PartialDeep} from 'type-fest';
const settings: Settings = {
textEditor: {
fontSize: 14;
fontColor: '#000000';
fontWeight: 400;
}
autocomplete: false;
autosave: true;
};
const applySavedSettings = (savedSettings: PartialDeep<Settings>) => {
return {...settings, ...savedSettings};
}
settings = applySavedSettings({textEditor: {fontWeight: 500}});
```
*/
export type PartialDeep<T> = T extends Primitive
? Partial<T>
: T extends Map<infer KeyType, infer ValueType>
? PartialMapDeep<KeyType, ValueType>
: T extends Set<infer ItemType>
? PartialSetDeep<ItemType>
: T extends ReadonlyMap<infer KeyType, infer ValueType>
? PartialReadonlyMapDeep<KeyType, ValueType>
: T extends ReadonlySet<infer ItemType>
? PartialReadonlySetDeep<ItemType>
: T extends ((...arguments: any[]) => unknown)
? T | undefined
: T extends object
? PartialObjectDeep<T>
: unknown;
/**
Same as `PartialDeep`, but accepts only `Map`s and as inputs. Internal helper for `PartialDeep`.
*/
interface PartialMapDeep<KeyType, ValueType> extends Map<PartialDeep<KeyType>, PartialDeep<ValueType>> {}
/**
Same as `PartialDeep`, but accepts only `Set`s as inputs. Internal helper for `PartialDeep`.
*/
interface PartialSetDeep<T> extends Set<PartialDeep<T>> {}
/**
Same as `PartialDeep`, but accepts only `ReadonlyMap`s as inputs. Internal helper for `PartialDeep`.
*/
interface PartialReadonlyMapDeep<KeyType, ValueType> extends ReadonlyMap<PartialDeep<KeyType>, PartialDeep<ValueType>> {}
/**
Same as `PartialDeep`, but accepts only `ReadonlySet`s as inputs. Internal helper for `PartialDeep`.
*/
interface PartialReadonlySetDeep<T> extends ReadonlySet<PartialDeep<T>> {}
/**
Same as `PartialDeep`, but accepts only `object`s as inputs. Internal helper for `PartialDeep`.
*/
type PartialObjectDeep<ObjectType extends object> = {
[KeyType in keyof ObjectType]?: PartialDeep<ObjectType[KeyType]>
};

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/**
Create a type that represents either the value or the value wrapped in `PromiseLike`.
Use-cases:
- A function accepts a callback that may either return a value synchronously or may return a promised value.
- This type could be the return type of `Promise#then()`, `Promise#catch()`, and `Promise#finally()` callbacks.
Please upvote [this issue](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/31394) if you want to have this type as a built-in in TypeScript.
@example
```
import {Promisable} from 'type-fest';
async function logger(getLogEntry: () => Promisable<string>): Promise<void> {
const entry = await getLogEntry();
console.log(entry);
}
logger(() => 'foo');
logger(() => Promise.resolve('bar'));
```
*/
export type Promisable<T> = T | PromiseLike<T>;

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/**
Returns the type that is wrapped inside a `Promise` type.
If the type is a nested Promise, it is unwrapped recursively until a non-Promise type is obtained.
If the type is not a `Promise`, the type itself is returned.
@example
```
import {PromiseValue} from 'type-fest';
type AsyncData = Promise<string>;
let asyncData: PromiseValue<AsyncData> = Promise.resolve('ABC');
type Data = PromiseValue<AsyncData>;
let data: Data = await asyncData;
// Here's an example that shows how this type reacts to non-Promise types.
type SyncData = PromiseValue<string>;
let syncData: SyncData = getSyncData();
// Here's an example that shows how this type reacts to recursive Promise types.
type RecursiveAsyncData = Promise<Promise<string> >;
let recursiveAsyncData: PromiseValue<RecursiveAsyncData> = Promise.resolve(Promise.resolve('ABC'));
```
*/
export type PromiseValue<PromiseType, Otherwise = PromiseType> = PromiseType extends Promise<infer Value>
? { 0: PromiseValue<Value>; 1: Value }[PromiseType extends Promise<unknown> ? 0 : 1]
: Otherwise;

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import {Primitive} from './basic';
/**
Convert `object`s, `Map`s, `Set`s, and `Array`s and all of their keys/elements into immutable structures recursively.
This is useful when a deeply nested structure needs to be exposed as completely immutable, for example, an imported JSON module or when receiving an API response that is passed around.
Please upvote [this issue](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/13923) if you want to have this type as a built-in in TypeScript.
@example
```
// data.json
{
"foo": ["bar"]
}
// main.ts
import {ReadonlyDeep} from 'type-fest';
import dataJson = require('./data.json');
const data: ReadonlyDeep<typeof dataJson> = dataJson;
export default data;
// test.ts
import data from './main';
data.foo.push('bar');
//=> error TS2339: Property 'push' does not exist on type 'readonly string[]'
```
*/
export type ReadonlyDeep<T> = T extends Primitive | ((...arguments: any[]) => unknown)
? T
: T extends ReadonlyMap<infer KeyType, infer ValueType>
? ReadonlyMapDeep<KeyType, ValueType>
: T extends ReadonlySet<infer ItemType>
? ReadonlySetDeep<ItemType>
: T extends object
? ReadonlyObjectDeep<T>
: unknown;
/**
Same as `ReadonlyDeep`, but accepts only `ReadonlyMap`s as inputs. Internal helper for `ReadonlyDeep`.
*/
interface ReadonlyMapDeep<KeyType, ValueType>
extends ReadonlyMap<ReadonlyDeep<KeyType>, ReadonlyDeep<ValueType>> {}
/**
Same as `ReadonlyDeep`, but accepts only `ReadonlySet`s as inputs. Internal helper for `ReadonlyDeep`.
*/
interface ReadonlySetDeep<ItemType>
extends ReadonlySet<ReadonlyDeep<ItemType>> {}
/**
Same as `ReadonlyDeep`, but accepts only `object`s as inputs. Internal helper for `ReadonlyDeep`.
*/
type ReadonlyObjectDeep<ObjectType extends object> = {
readonly [KeyType in keyof ObjectType]: ReadonlyDeep<ObjectType[KeyType]>
};

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import {Except} from './except';
/**
Create a type that requires at least one of the given keys. The remaining keys are kept as is.
@example
```
import {RequireAtLeastOne} from 'type-fest';
type Responder = {
text?: () => string;
json?: () => string;
secure?: boolean;
};
const responder: RequireAtLeastOne<Responder, 'text' | 'json'> = {
json: () => '{"message": "ok"}',
secure: true
};
```
*/
export type RequireAtLeastOne<ObjectType, KeysType extends keyof ObjectType = keyof ObjectType> =
{
// For each Key in KeysType make a mapped type
[Key in KeysType]: (
// …by picking that Key's type and making it required
Required<Pick<ObjectType, Key>>
)
}[KeysType]
// …then, make intersection types by adding the remaining keys to each mapped type.
& Except<ObjectType, KeysType>;

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@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
// TODO: Remove this when we target TypeScript >=3.5.
type _Omit<T, K extends keyof any> = Pick<T, Exclude<keyof T, K>>;
/**
Create a type that requires exactly one of the given keys and disallows more. The remaining keys are kept as is.
Use-cases:
- Creating interfaces for components that only need one of the keys to display properly.
- Declaring generic keys in a single place for a single use-case that gets narrowed down via `RequireExactlyOne`.
The caveat with `RequireExactlyOne` is that TypeScript doesn't always know at compile time every key that will exist at runtime. Therefore `RequireExactlyOne` can't do anything to prevent extra keys it doesn't know about.
@example
```
import {RequireExactlyOne} from 'type-fest';
type Responder = {
text: () => string;
json: () => string;
secure: boolean;
};
const responder: RequireExactlyOne<Responder, 'text' | 'json'> = {
// Adding a `text` key here would cause a compile error.
json: () => '{"message": "ok"}',
secure: true
};
```
*/
export type RequireExactlyOne<ObjectType, KeysType extends keyof ObjectType = keyof ObjectType> =
{[Key in KeysType]: (
Required<Pick<ObjectType, Key>> &
Partial<Record<Exclude<KeysType, Key>, never>>
)}[KeysType] & _Omit<ObjectType, KeysType>;

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@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
import {Except} from './except';
/**
Create a type that makes the given keys optional. The remaining keys are kept as is. The sister of the `SetRequired` type.
Use-case: You want to define a single model where the only thing that changes is whether or not some of the keys are optional.
@example
```
import {SetOptional} from 'type-fest';
type Foo = {
a: number;
b?: string;
c: boolean;
}
type SomeOptional = SetOptional<Foo, 'b' | 'c'>;
// type SomeOptional = {
// a: number;
// b?: string; // Was already optional and still is.
// c?: boolean; // Is now optional.
// }
```
*/
export type SetOptional<BaseType, Keys extends keyof BaseType = keyof BaseType> =
// Pick just the keys that are not optional from the base type.
Except<BaseType, Keys> &
// Pick the keys that should be optional from the base type and make them optional.
Partial<Pick<BaseType, Keys>> extends
// If `InferredType` extends the previous, then for each key, use the inferred type key.
infer InferredType
? {[KeyType in keyof InferredType]: InferredType[KeyType]}
: never;

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@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
import {Except} from './except';
/**
Create a type that makes the given keys required. The remaining keys are kept as is. The sister of the `SetOptional` type.
Use-case: You want to define a single model where the only thing that changes is whether or not some of the keys are required.
@example
```
import {SetRequired} from 'type-fest';
type Foo = {
a?: number;
b: string;
c?: boolean;
}
type SomeRequired = SetRequired<Foo, 'b' | 'c'>;
// type SomeRequired = {
// a?: number;
// b: string; // Was already required and still is.
// c: boolean; // Is now required.
// }
```
*/
export type SetRequired<BaseType, Keys extends keyof BaseType = keyof BaseType> =
// Pick just the keys that are not required from the base type.
Except<BaseType, Keys> &
// Pick the keys that should be required from the base type and make them required.
Required<Pick<BaseType, Keys>> extends
// If `InferredType` extends the previous, then for each key, use the inferred type key.
infer InferredType
? {[KeyType in keyof InferredType]: InferredType[KeyType]}
: never;

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@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
type IsAny<T> = 0 extends (1 & T) ? true : false; // https://stackoverflow.com/a/49928360/3406963
type IsNever<T> = [T] extends [never] ? true : false;
type IsUnknown<T> = IsNever<T> extends false ? T extends unknown ? unknown extends T ? IsAny<T> extends false ? true : false : false : false : false;
/**
Create a function type with a return type of your choice and the same parameters as the given function type.
Use-case: You want to define a wrapped function that returns something different while receiving the same parameters. For example, you might want to wrap a function that can throw an error into one that will return `undefined` instead.
@example
```
import {SetReturnType} from 'type-fest';
type MyFunctionThatCanThrow = (foo: SomeType, bar: unknown) => SomeOtherType;
type MyWrappedFunction = SetReturnType<MyFunctionThatCanThrow, SomeOtherType | undefined>;
//=> type MyWrappedFunction = (foo: SomeType, bar: unknown) => SomeOtherType | undefined;
```
*/
export type SetReturnType<Fn extends (...args: any[]) => any, TypeToReturn> =
// Just using `Parameters<Fn>` isn't ideal because it doesn't handle the `this` fake parameter.
Fn extends (this: infer ThisArg, ...args: infer Arguments) => any ? (
// If a function did not specify the `this` fake parameter, it will be inferred to `unknown`.
// We want to detect this situation just to display a friendlier type upon hovering on an IntelliSense-powered IDE.
IsUnknown<ThisArg> extends true ? (...args: Arguments) => TypeToReturn : (this: ThisArg, ...args: Arguments) => TypeToReturn
) : (
// This part should be unreachable, but we make it meaningful just in case…
(...args: Parameters<Fn>) => TypeToReturn
);

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@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
/**
Create a type with the keys of the given type changed to `string` type.
Use-case: Changing interface values to strings in order to use them in a form model.
@example
```
import {Stringified} from 'type-fest';
type Car {
model: string;
speed: number;
}
const carForm: Stringified<Car> = {
model: 'Foo',
speed: '101'
};
```
*/
export type Stringified<ObjectType> = {[KeyType in keyof ObjectType]: string};

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@@ -0,0 +1,872 @@
declare namespace TsConfigJson {
namespace CompilerOptions {
export type JSX =
| 'preserve'
| 'react'
| 'react-native';
export type Module =
| 'CommonJS'
| 'AMD'
| 'System'
| 'UMD'
| 'ES6'
| 'ES2015'
| 'ESNext'
| 'None'
// Lowercase alternatives
| 'commonjs'
| 'amd'
| 'system'
| 'umd'
| 'es6'
| 'es2015'
| 'esnext'
| 'none';
export type NewLine =
| 'CRLF'
| 'LF'
// Lowercase alternatives
| 'crlf'
| 'lf';
export type Target =
| 'ES3'
| 'ES5'
| 'ES6'
| 'ES2015'
| 'ES2016'
| 'ES2017'
| 'ES2018'
| 'ES2019'
| 'ES2020'
| 'ESNext'
// Lowercase alternatives
| 'es3'
| 'es5'
| 'es6'
| 'es2015'
| 'es2016'
| 'es2017'
| 'es2018'
| 'es2019'
| 'es2020'
| 'esnext';
export type Lib =
| 'ES5'
| 'ES6'
| 'ES7'
| 'ES2015'
| 'ES2015.Collection'
| 'ES2015.Core'
| 'ES2015.Generator'
| 'ES2015.Iterable'
| 'ES2015.Promise'
| 'ES2015.Proxy'
| 'ES2015.Reflect'
| 'ES2015.Symbol.WellKnown'
| 'ES2015.Symbol'
| 'ES2016'
| 'ES2016.Array.Include'
| 'ES2017'
| 'ES2017.Intl'
| 'ES2017.Object'
| 'ES2017.SharedMemory'
| 'ES2017.String'
| 'ES2017.TypedArrays'
| 'ES2018'
| 'ES2018.AsyncIterable'
| 'ES2018.Intl'
| 'ES2018.Promise'
| 'ES2018.Regexp'
| 'ES2019'
| 'ES2019.Array'
| 'ES2019.Object'
| 'ES2019.String'
| 'ES2019.Symbol'
| 'ES2020'
| 'ES2020.String'
| 'ES2020.Symbol.WellKnown'
| 'ESNext'
| 'ESNext.Array'
| 'ESNext.AsyncIterable'
| 'ESNext.BigInt'
| 'ESNext.Intl'
| 'ESNext.Symbol'
| 'DOM'
| 'DOM.Iterable'
| 'ScriptHost'
| 'WebWorker'
| 'WebWorker.ImportScripts'
// Lowercase alternatives
| 'es5'
| 'es6'
| 'es7'
| 'es2015'
| 'es2015.collection'
| 'es2015.core'
| 'es2015.generator'
| 'es2015.iterable'
| 'es2015.promise'
| 'es2015.proxy'
| 'es2015.reflect'
| 'es2015.symbol.wellknown'
| 'es2015.symbol'
| 'es2016'
| 'es2016.array.include'
| 'es2017'
| 'es2017.intl'
| 'es2017.object'
| 'es2017.sharedmemory'
| 'es2017.string'
| 'es2017.typedarrays'
| 'es2018'
| 'es2018.asynciterable'
| 'es2018.intl'
| 'es2018.promise'
| 'es2018.regexp'
| 'es2019'
| 'es2019.array'
| 'es2019.object'
| 'es2019.string'
| 'es2019.symbol'
| 'es2020'
| 'es2020.string'
| 'es2020.symbol.wellknown'
| 'esnext'
| 'esnext.array'
| 'esnext.asynciterable'
| 'esnext.bigint'
| 'esnext.intl'
| 'esnext.symbol'
| 'dom'
| 'dom.iterable'
| 'scripthost'
| 'webworker'
| 'webworker.importscripts';
export interface Plugin {
[key: string]: unknown;
/**
Plugin name.
*/
name?: string;
}
}
export interface CompilerOptions {
/**
The character set of the input files.
@default 'utf8'
*/
charset?: string;
/**
Enables building for project references.
@default true
*/
composite?: boolean;
/**
Generates corresponding d.ts files.
@default false
*/
declaration?: boolean;
/**
Specify output directory for generated declaration files.
Requires TypeScript version 2.0 or later.
*/
declarationDir?: string;
/**
Show diagnostic information.
@default false
*/
diagnostics?: boolean;
/**
Emit a UTF-8 Byte Order Mark (BOM) in the beginning of output files.
@default false
*/
emitBOM?: boolean;
/**
Only emit `.d.ts` declaration files.
@default false
*/
emitDeclarationOnly?: boolean;
/**
Enable incremental compilation.
@default `composite`
*/
incremental?: boolean;
/**
Specify file to store incremental compilation information.
@default '.tsbuildinfo'
*/
tsBuildInfoFile?: string;
/**
Emit a single file with source maps instead of having a separate file.
@default false
*/
inlineSourceMap?: boolean;
/**
Emit the source alongside the sourcemaps within a single file.
Requires `--inlineSourceMap` to be set.
@default false
*/
inlineSources?: boolean;
/**
Specify JSX code generation: `'preserve'`, `'react'`, or `'react-native'`.
@default 'preserve'
*/
jsx?: CompilerOptions.JSX;
/**
Specifies the object invoked for `createElement` and `__spread` when targeting `'react'` JSX emit.
@default 'React'
*/
reactNamespace?: string;
/**
Print names of files part of the compilation.
@default false
*/
listFiles?: boolean;
/**
Specifies the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations.
*/
mapRoot?: string;
/**
Specify module code generation: 'None', 'CommonJS', 'AMD', 'System', 'UMD', 'ES6', 'ES2015' or 'ESNext'. Only 'AMD' and 'System' can be used in conjunction with `--outFile`. 'ES6' and 'ES2015' values may be used when targeting 'ES5' or lower.
@default ['ES3', 'ES5'].includes(target) ? 'CommonJS' : 'ES6'
*/
module?: CompilerOptions.Module;
/**
Specifies the end of line sequence to be used when emitting files: 'crlf' (Windows) or 'lf' (Unix).
Default: Platform specific
*/
newLine?: CompilerOptions.NewLine;
/**
Do not emit output.
@default false
*/
noEmit?: boolean;
/**
Do not generate custom helper functions like `__extends` in compiled output.
@default false
*/
noEmitHelpers?: boolean;
/**
Do not emit outputs if any type checking errors were reported.
@default false
*/
noEmitOnError?: boolean;
/**
Warn on expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type.
@default false
*/
noImplicitAny?: boolean;
/**
Raise error on 'this' expressions with an implied any type.
@default false
*/
noImplicitThis?: boolean;
/**
Report errors on unused locals.
Requires TypeScript version 2.0 or later.
@default false
*/
noUnusedLocals?: boolean;
/**
Report errors on unused parameters.
Requires TypeScript version 2.0 or later.
@default false
*/
noUnusedParameters?: boolean;
/**
Do not include the default library file (lib.d.ts).
@default false
*/
noLib?: boolean;
/**
Do not add triple-slash references or module import targets to the list of compiled files.
@default false
*/
noResolve?: boolean;
/**
Disable strict checking of generic signatures in function types.
@default false
*/
noStrictGenericChecks?: boolean;
/**
@deprecated use `skipLibCheck` instead.
*/
skipDefaultLibCheck?: boolean;
/**
Skip type checking of declaration files.
Requires TypeScript version 2.0 or later.
@default false
*/
skipLibCheck?: boolean;
/**
Concatenate and emit output to single file.
*/
outFile?: string;
/**
Redirect output structure to the directory.
*/
outDir?: string;
/**
Do not erase const enum declarations in generated code.
@default false
*/
preserveConstEnums?: boolean;
/**
Do not resolve symlinks to their real path; treat a symlinked file like a real one.
@default false
*/
preserveSymlinks?: boolean;
/**
Keep outdated console output in watch mode instead of clearing the screen.
@default false
*/
preserveWatchOutput?: boolean;
/**
Stylize errors and messages using color and context (experimental).
@default true // Unless piping to another program or redirecting output to a file.
*/
pretty?: boolean;
/**
Do not emit comments to output.
@default false
*/
removeComments?: boolean;
/**
Specifies the root directory of input files.
Use to control the output directory structure with `--outDir`.
*/
rootDir?: string;
/**
Unconditionally emit imports for unresolved files.
@default false
*/
isolatedModules?: boolean;
/**
Generates corresponding '.map' file.
@default false
*/
sourceMap?: boolean;
/**
Specifies the location where debugger should locate TypeScript files instead of source locations.
*/
sourceRoot?: string;
/**
Suppress excess property checks for object literals.
@default false
*/
suppressExcessPropertyErrors?: boolean;
/**
Suppress noImplicitAny errors for indexing objects lacking index signatures.
@default false
*/
suppressImplicitAnyIndexErrors?: boolean;
/**
Do not emit declarations for code that has an `@internal` annotation.
*/
stripInternal?: boolean;
/**
Specify ECMAScript target version.
@default 'es3'
*/
target?: CompilerOptions.Target;
/**
Watch input files.
@default false
*/
watch?: boolean;
/**
Enables experimental support for ES7 decorators.
@default false
*/
experimentalDecorators?: boolean;
/**
Emit design-type metadata for decorated declarations in source.
@default false
*/
emitDecoratorMetadata?: boolean;
/**
Specifies module resolution strategy: 'node' (Node) or 'classic' (TypeScript pre 1.6).
@default ['AMD', 'System', 'ES6'].includes(module) ? 'classic' : 'node'
*/
moduleResolution?: 'classic' | 'node';
/**
Do not report errors on unused labels.
@default false
*/
allowUnusedLabels?: boolean;
/**
Report error when not all code paths in function return a value.
@default false
*/
noImplicitReturns?: boolean;
/**
Report errors for fallthrough cases in switch statement.
@default false
*/
noFallthroughCasesInSwitch?: boolean;
/**
Do not report errors on unreachable code.
@default false
*/
allowUnreachableCode?: boolean;
/**
Disallow inconsistently-cased references to the same file.
@default false
*/
forceConsistentCasingInFileNames?: boolean;
/**
Base directory to resolve non-relative module names.
*/
baseUrl?: string;
/**
Specify path mapping to be computed relative to baseUrl option.
*/
paths?: {
[key: string]: string[];
};
/**
List of TypeScript language server plugins to load.
Requires TypeScript version 2.3 or later.
*/
plugins?: CompilerOptions.Plugin[];
/**
Specify list of root directories to be used when resolving modules.
*/
rootDirs?: string[];
/**
Specify list of directories for type definition files to be included.
Requires TypeScript version 2.0 or later.
*/
typeRoots?: string[];
/**
Type declaration files to be included in compilation.
Requires TypeScript version 2.0 or later.
*/
types?: string[];
/**
Enable tracing of the name resolution process.
@default false
*/
traceResolution?: boolean;
/**
Allow javascript files to be compiled.
@default false
*/
allowJs?: boolean;
/**
Do not truncate error messages.
@default false
*/
noErrorTruncation?: boolean;
/**
Allow default imports from modules with no default export. This does not affect code emit, just typechecking.
@default module === 'system' || esModuleInterop
*/
allowSyntheticDefaultImports?: boolean;
/**
Do not emit `'use strict'` directives in module output.
@default false
*/
noImplicitUseStrict?: boolean;
/**
Enable to list all emitted files.
Requires TypeScript version 2.0 or later.
@default false
*/
listEmittedFiles?: boolean;
/**
Disable size limit for JavaScript project.
Requires TypeScript version 2.0 or later.
@default false
*/
disableSizeLimit?: boolean;
/**
List of library files to be included in the compilation.
Requires TypeScript version 2.0 or later.
*/
lib?: CompilerOptions.Lib[];
/**
Enable strict null checks.
Requires TypeScript version 2.0 or later.
@default false
*/
strictNullChecks?: boolean;
/**
The maximum dependency depth to search under `node_modules` and load JavaScript files. Only applicable with `--allowJs`.
@default 0
*/
maxNodeModuleJsDepth?: number;
/**
Import emit helpers (e.g. `__extends`, `__rest`, etc..) from tslib.
Requires TypeScript version 2.1 or later.
@default false
*/
importHelpers?: boolean;
/**
Specify the JSX factory function to use when targeting React JSX emit, e.g. `React.createElement` or `h`.
Requires TypeScript version 2.1 or later.
@default 'React.createElement'
*/
jsxFactory?: string;
/**
Parse in strict mode and emit `'use strict'` for each source file.
Requires TypeScript version 2.1 or later.
@default false
*/
alwaysStrict?: boolean;
/**
Enable all strict type checking options.
Requires TypeScript version 2.3 or later.
@default false
*/
strict?: boolean;
/**
Enable stricter checking of of the `bind`, `call`, and `apply` methods on functions.
@default false
*/
strictBindCallApply?: boolean;
/**
Provide full support for iterables in `for-of`, spread, and destructuring when targeting `ES5` or `ES3`.
Requires TypeScript version 2.3 or later.
@default false
*/
downlevelIteration?: boolean;
/**
Report errors in `.js` files.
Requires TypeScript version 2.3 or later.
@default false
*/
checkJs?: boolean;
/**
Disable bivariant parameter checking for function types.
Requires TypeScript version 2.6 or later.
@default false
*/
strictFunctionTypes?: boolean;
/**
Ensure non-undefined class properties are initialized in the constructor.
Requires TypeScript version 2.7 or later.
@default false
*/
strictPropertyInitialization?: boolean;
/**
Emit `__importStar` and `__importDefault` helpers for runtime Babel ecosystem compatibility and enable `--allowSyntheticDefaultImports` for typesystem compatibility.
Requires TypeScript version 2.7 or later.
@default false
*/
esModuleInterop?: boolean;
/**
Allow accessing UMD globals from modules.
@default false
*/
allowUmdGlobalAccess?: boolean;
/**
Resolve `keyof` to string valued property names only (no numbers or symbols).
Requires TypeScript version 2.9 or later.
@default false
*/
keyofStringsOnly?: boolean;
/**
Emit ECMAScript standard class fields.
Requires TypeScript version 3.7 or later.
@default false
*/
useDefineForClassFields?: boolean;
/**
Generates a sourcemap for each corresponding `.d.ts` file.
Requires TypeScript version 2.9 or later.
@default false
*/
declarationMap?: boolean;
/**
Include modules imported with `.json` extension.
Requires TypeScript version 2.9 or later.
@default false
*/
resolveJsonModule?: boolean;
}
/**
Auto type (.d.ts) acquisition options for this project.
Requires TypeScript version 2.1 or later.
*/
export interface TypeAcquisition {
/**
Enable auto type acquisition.
*/
enable?: boolean;
/**
Specifies a list of type declarations to be included in auto type acquisition. For example, `['jquery', 'lodash']`.
*/
include?: string[];
/**
Specifies a list of type declarations to be excluded from auto type acquisition. For example, `['jquery', 'lodash']`.
*/
exclude?: string[];
}
export interface References {
/**
A normalized path on disk.
*/
path: string;
/**
The path as the user originally wrote it.
*/
originalPath?: string;
/**
True if the output of this reference should be prepended to the output of this project.
Only valid for `--outFile` compilations.
*/
prepend?: boolean;
/**
True if it is intended that this reference form a circularity.
*/
circular?: boolean;
}
}
export interface TsConfigJson {
/**
Instructs the TypeScript compiler how to compile `.ts` files.
*/
compilerOptions?: TsConfigJson.CompilerOptions;
/**
Auto type (.d.ts) acquisition options for this project.
Requires TypeScript version 2.1 or later.
*/
typeAcquisition?: TsConfigJson.TypeAcquisition;
/**
Enable Compile-on-Save for this project.
*/
compileOnSave?: boolean;
/**
Path to base configuration file to inherit from.
Requires TypeScript version 2.1 or later.
*/
extends?: string;
/**
If no `files` or `include` property is present in a `tsconfig.json`, the compiler defaults to including all files in the containing directory and subdirectories except those specified by `exclude`. When a `files` property is specified, only those files and those specified by `include` are included.
*/
files?: string[];
/**
Specifies a list of files to be excluded from compilation. The `exclude` property only affects the files included via the `include` property and not the `files` property.
Glob patterns require TypeScript version 2.0 or later.
*/
exclude?: string[];
/**
Specifies a list of glob patterns that match files to be included in compilation.
If no `files` or `include` property is present in a `tsconfig.json`, the compiler defaults to including all files in the containing directory and subdirectories except those specified by `exclude`.
Requires TypeScript version 2.0 or later.
*/
include?: string[];
/**
Referenced projects.
Requires TypeScript version 3.0 or later.
*/
references?: TsConfigJson.References[];
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
/**
Convert a union type to an intersection type using [distributive conditional types](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-8.html#distributive-conditional-types).
Inspired by [this Stack Overflow answer](https://stackoverflow.com/a/50375286/2172153).
@example
```
import {UnionToIntersection} from 'type-fest';
type Union = {the(): void} | {great(arg: string): void} | {escape: boolean};
type Intersection = UnionToIntersection<Union>;
//=> {the(): void; great(arg: string): void; escape: boolean};
```
A more applicable example which could make its way into your library code follows.
@example
```
import {UnionToIntersection} from 'type-fest';
class CommandOne {
commands: {
a1: () => undefined,
b1: () => undefined,
}
}
class CommandTwo {
commands: {
a2: (argA: string) => undefined,
b2: (argB: string) => undefined,
}
}
const union = [new CommandOne(), new CommandTwo()].map(instance => instance.commands);
type Union = typeof union;
//=> {a1(): void; b1(): void} | {a2(argA: string): void; b2(argB: string): void}
type Intersection = UnionToIntersection<Union>;
//=> {a1(): void; b1(): void; a2(argA: string): void; b2(argB: string): void}
```
*/
export type UnionToIntersection<Union> = (
// `extends unknown` is always going to be the case and is used to convert the
// `Union` into a [distributive conditional
// type](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-8.html#distributive-conditional-types).
Union extends unknown
// The union type is used as the only argument to a function since the union
// of function arguments is an intersection.
? (distributedUnion: Union) => void
// This won't happen.
: never
// Infer the `Intersection` type since TypeScript represents the positional
// arguments of unions of functions as an intersection of the union.
) extends ((mergedIntersection: infer Intersection) => void)
? Intersection
: never;

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@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
/**
Create a union of the given object's values, and optionally specify which keys to get the values from.
Please upvote [this issue](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/31438) if you want to have this type as a built-in in TypeScript.
@example
```
// data.json
{
'foo': 1,
'bar': 2,
'biz': 3
}
// main.ts
import {ValueOf} from 'type-fest';
import data = require('./data.json');
export function getData(name: string): ValueOf<typeof data> {
return data[name];
}
export function onlyBar(name: string): ValueOf<typeof data, 'bar'> {
return data[name];
}
// file.ts
import {getData, onlyBar} from './main';
getData('foo');
//=> 1
onlyBar('foo');
//=> TypeError ...
onlyBar('bar');
//=> 2
```
*/
export type ValueOf<ObjectType, ValueType extends keyof ObjectType = keyof ObjectType> = ObjectType[ValueType];

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@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
# Changelog
All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. See [standard-version](https://github.com/conventional-changelog/standard-version) for commit guidelines.
### [20.2.9](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/yargs-parser-v20.2.8...yargs-parser-v20.2.9) (2021-06-20)
### Bug Fixes
* **build:** fixed automated release pipeline ([1fe9135](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/1fe9135884790a083615419b2861683e2597dac3))
### [20.2.8](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/yargs-parser-v20.2.7...yargs-parser-v20.2.8) (2021-06-20)
### Bug Fixes
* **locale:** Turkish camelize and decamelize issues with toLocaleLowerCase/toLocaleUpperCase ([2617303](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/261730383e02448562f737b94bbd1f164aed5143))
* **perf:** address slow parse when using unknown-options-as-args ([#394](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/394)) ([441f059](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/441f059d585d446551068ad213db79ac91daf83a))
* **string-utils:** detect [0,1] ranged values as numbers ([#388](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/388)) ([efcc32c](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/efcc32c2d6b09aba31abfa2db9bd947befe5586b))
### [20.2.7](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v20.2.6...v20.2.7) (2021-03-10)
### Bug Fixes
* **deno:** force release for Deno ([6687c97](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/6687c972d0f3ca7865a97908dde3080b05f8b026))
### [20.2.6](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v20.2.5...v20.2.6) (2021-02-22)
### Bug Fixes
* **populate--:** -- should always be array ([#354](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/354)) ([585ae8f](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/585ae8ffad74cc02974f92d788e750137fd65146))
### [20.2.5](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v20.2.4...v20.2.5) (2021-02-13)
### Bug Fixes
* do not lowercase camel cased string ([#348](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/348)) ([5f4da1f](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/5f4da1f17d9d50542d2aaa206c9806ce3e320335))
### [20.2.4](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v20.2.3...v20.2.4) (2020-11-09)
### Bug Fixes
* **deno:** address import issues in Deno ([#339](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/339)) ([3b54e5e](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/3b54e5eef6e9a7b7c6eec7c12bab3ba3b8ba8306))
### [20.2.3](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v20.2.2...v20.2.3) (2020-10-16)
### Bug Fixes
* **exports:** node 13.0 and 13.1 require the dotted object form _with_ a string fallback ([#336](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/336)) ([3ae7242](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/3ae7242040ff876d28dabded60ac226e00150c88))
### [20.2.2](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v20.2.1...v20.2.2) (2020-10-14)
### Bug Fixes
* **exports:** node 13.0-13.6 require a string fallback ([#333](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/333)) ([291aeda](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/291aeda06b685b7a015d83bdf2558e180b37388d))
### [20.2.1](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v20.2.0...v20.2.1) (2020-10-01)
### Bug Fixes
* **deno:** update types for deno ^1.4.0 ([#330](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/330)) ([0ab92e5](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/0ab92e50b090f11196334c048c9c92cecaddaf56))
## [20.2.0](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v20.1.0...v20.2.0) (2020-09-21)
### Features
* **string-utils:** export looksLikeNumber helper ([#324](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/324)) ([c8580a2](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/c8580a2327b55f6342acecb6e72b62963d506750))
### Bug Fixes
* **unknown-options-as-args:** convert positionals that look like numbers ([#326](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/326)) ([f85ebb4](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/f85ebb4face9d4b0f56147659404cbe0002f3dad))
## [20.1.0](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v20.0.0...v20.1.0) (2020-09-20)
### Features
* adds parse-positional-numbers configuration ([#321](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/321)) ([9cec00a](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/9cec00a622251292ffb7dce6f78f5353afaa0d4c))
### Bug Fixes
* **build:** update release-please; make labels kick off builds ([#323](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/323)) ([09f448b](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/09f448b4cd66e25d2872544718df46dab8af062a))
## [20.0.0](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v19.0.4...v20.0.0) (2020-09-09)
### ⚠ BREAKING CHANGES
* do not ship type definitions (#318)
### Bug Fixes
* only strip camel case if hyphenated ([#316](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/316)) ([95a9e78](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/95a9e785127b9bbf2d1db1f1f808ca1fb100e82a)), closes [#315](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/315)
### Code Refactoring
* do not ship type definitions ([#318](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/318)) ([8fbd56f](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/8fbd56f1d0b6c44c30fca62708812151ca0ce330))
### [19.0.4](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v19.0.3...v19.0.4) (2020-08-27)
### Bug Fixes
* **build:** fixing publication ([#310](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/310)) ([5d3c6c2](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/5d3c6c29a9126248ba601920d9cf87c78e161ff5))
### [19.0.3](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v19.0.2...v19.0.3) (2020-08-27)
### Bug Fixes
* **build:** switch to action for publish ([#308](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/308)) ([5c2f305](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/5c2f30585342bcd8aaf926407c863099d256d174))
### [19.0.2](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v19.0.1...v19.0.2) (2020-08-27)
### Bug Fixes
* **types:** envPrefix should be optional ([#305](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/305)) ([ae3f180](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/ae3f180e14df2de2fd962145f4518f9aa0e76523))
### [19.0.1](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v19.0.0...v19.0.1) (2020-08-09)
### Bug Fixes
* **build:** push tag created for deno ([2186a14](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/2186a14989749887d56189867602e39e6679f8b0))
## [19.0.0](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v18.1.3...v19.0.0) (2020-08-09)
### ⚠ BREAKING CHANGES
* adds support for ESM and Deno (#295)
* **ts:** projects using `@types/yargs-parser` may see variations in type definitions.
* drops Node 6. begin following Node.js LTS schedule (#278)
### Features
* adds support for ESM and Deno ([#295](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/295)) ([195bc4a](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/195bc4a7f20c2a8f8e33fbb6ba96ef6e9a0120a1))
* expose camelCase and decamelize helpers ([#296](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/296)) ([39154ce](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/39154ceb5bdcf76b5f59a9219b34cedb79b67f26))
* **deps:** update to latest camelcase/decamelize ([#281](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/281)) ([8931ab0](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/8931ab08f686cc55286f33a95a83537da2be5516))
### Bug Fixes
* boolean numeric short option ([#294](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/294)) ([f600082](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/f600082c959e092076caf420bbbc9d7a231e2418))
* raise permission error for Deno if config load fails ([#298](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/298)) ([1174e2b](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/1174e2b3f0c845a1cd64e14ffc3703e730567a84))
* **deps:** update dependency decamelize to v3 ([#274](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/274)) ([4d98698](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/4d98698bc6767e84ec54a0842908191739be73b7))
* **types:** switch back to using Partial types ([#293](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/293)) ([bdc80ba](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/bdc80ba59fa13bc3025ce0a85e8bad9f9da24ea7))
### Build System
* drops Node 6. begin following Node.js LTS schedule ([#278](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/278)) ([9014ed7](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/9014ed722a32768b96b829e65a31705db5c1458a))
### Code Refactoring
* **ts:** move index.js to TypeScript ([#292](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/292)) ([f78d2b9](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/f78d2b97567ac4828624406e420b4047c710b789))
### [18.1.3](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v18.1.2...v18.1.3) (2020-04-16)
### Bug Fixes
* **setArg:** options using camel-case and dot-notation populated twice ([#268](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/268)) ([f7e15b9](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/f7e15b9800900b9856acac1a830a5f35847be73e))
### [18.1.2](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v18.1.1...v18.1.2) (2020-03-26)
### Bug Fixes
* **array, nargs:** support -o=--value and --option=--value format ([#262](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/262)) ([41d3f81](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/41d3f8139e116706b28de9b0de3433feb08d2f13))
### [18.1.1](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v18.1.0...v18.1.1) (2020-03-16)
### Bug Fixes
* \_\_proto\_\_ will now be replaced with \_\_\_proto\_\_\_ in parse ([#258](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/258)), patching a potential
prototype pollution vulnerability. This was reported by the Snyk Security Research Team.([63810ca](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/63810ca1ae1a24b08293a4d971e70e058c7a41e2))
## [18.1.0](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v18.0.0...v18.1.0) (2020-03-07)
### Features
* introduce single-digit boolean aliases ([#255](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/255)) ([9c60265](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/9c60265fd7a03cb98e6df3e32c8c5e7508d9f56f))
## [18.0.0](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v17.1.0...v18.0.0) (2020-03-02)
### ⚠ BREAKING CHANGES
* the narg count is now enforced when parsing arrays.
### Features
* NaN can now be provided as a value for nargs, indicating "at least" one value is expected for array ([#251](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/251)) ([9db4be8](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/9db4be81417a2c7097128db34d86fe70ef4af70c))
## [17.1.0](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v17.0.1...v17.1.0) (2020-03-01)
### Features
* introduce greedy-arrays config, for specifying whether arrays consume multiple positionals ([#249](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/249)) ([60e880a](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/60e880a837046314d89fa4725f923837fd33a9eb))
### [17.0.1](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v17.0.0...v17.0.1) (2020-02-29)
### Bug Fixes
* normalized keys were not enumerable ([#247](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/247)) ([57119f9](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/57119f9f17cf27499bd95e61c2f72d18314f11ba))
## [17.0.0](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v16.1.0...v17.0.0) (2020-02-10)
### ⚠ BREAKING CHANGES
* this reverts parsing behavior of booleans to that of yargs@14
* objects used during parsing are now created with a null
prototype. There may be some scenarios where this change in behavior
leaks externally.
### Features
* boolean arguments will not be collected into an implicit array ([#236](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/236)) ([34c4e19](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/34c4e19bae4e7af63e3cb6fa654a97ed476e5eb5))
* introduce nargs-eats-options config option ([#246](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/246)) ([d50822a](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/d50822ac10e1b05f2e9643671ca131ac251b6732))
### Bug Fixes
* address bugs with "uknown-options-as-args" ([bc023e3](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/bc023e3b13e20a118353f9507d1c999bf388a346))
* array should take precedence over nargs, but enforce nargs ([#243](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/243)) ([4cbc188](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/4cbc188b7abb2249529a19c090338debdad2fe6c))
* support keys that collide with object prototypes ([#234](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/234)) ([1587b6d](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/1587b6d91db853a9109f1be6b209077993fee4de))
* unknown options terminated with digits now handled by unknown-options-as-args ([#238](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/238)) ([d36cdfa](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/d36cdfa854254d7c7e0fe1d583818332ac46c2a5))
## [16.1.0](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/compare/v16.0.0...v16.1.0) (2019-11-01)
### ⚠ BREAKING CHANGES
* populate error if incompatible narg/count or array/count options are used (#191)
### Features
* options that have had their default value used are now tracked ([#211](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/211)) ([a525234](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/a525234558c847deedd73f8792e0a3b77b26e2c0))
* populate error if incompatible narg/count or array/count options are used ([#191](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/issues/191)) ([84a401f](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/84a401f0fa3095e0a19661670d1570d0c3b9d3c9))
### Reverts
* revert 16.0.0 CHANGELOG entry ([920320a](https://www.github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/commit/920320ad9861bbfd58eda39221ae211540fc1daf))

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Copyright (c) 2016, Contributors
Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software
for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided
that the above copyright notice and this permission notice
appear in all copies.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE
LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,
ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

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# yargs-parser
![ci](https://github.com/yargs/yargs-parser/workflows/ci/badge.svg)
[![NPM version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/yargs-parser.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/yargs-parser)
[![Conventional Commits](https://img.shields.io/badge/Conventional%20Commits-1.0.0-yellow.svg)](https://conventionalcommits.org)
![nycrc config on GitHub](https://img.shields.io/nycrc/yargs/yargs-parser)
The mighty option parser used by [yargs](https://github.com/yargs/yargs).
visit the [yargs website](http://yargs.js.org/) for more examples, and thorough usage instructions.
<img width="250" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yargs/yargs-parser/main/yargs-logo.png">
## Example
```sh
npm i yargs-parser --save
```
```js
const argv = require('yargs-parser')(process.argv.slice(2))
console.log(argv)
```
```console
$ node example.js --foo=33 --bar hello
{ _: [], foo: 33, bar: 'hello' }
```
_or parse a string!_
```js
const argv = require('yargs-parser')('--foo=99 --bar=33')
console.log(argv)
```
```console
{ _: [], foo: 99, bar: 33 }
```
Convert an array of mixed types before passing to `yargs-parser`:
```js
const parse = require('yargs-parser')
parse(['-f', 11, '--zoom', 55].join(' ')) // <-- array to string
parse(['-f', 11, '--zoom', 55].map(String)) // <-- array of strings
```
## Deno Example
As of `v19` `yargs-parser` supports [Deno](https://github.com/denoland/deno):
```typescript
import parser from "https://deno.land/x/yargs_parser/deno.ts";
const argv = parser('--foo=99 --bar=9987930', {
string: ['bar']
})
console.log(argv)
```
## ESM Example
As of `v19` `yargs-parser` supports ESM (_both in Node.js and in the browser_):
**Node.js:**
```js
import parser from 'yargs-parser'
const argv = parser('--foo=99 --bar=9987930', {
string: ['bar']
})
console.log(argv)
```
**Browsers:**
```html
<!doctype html>
<body>
<script type="module">
import parser from "https://unpkg.com/yargs-parser@19.0.0/browser.js";
const argv = parser('--foo=99 --bar=9987930', {
string: ['bar']
})
console.log(argv)
</script>
</body>
```
## API
### parser(args, opts={})
Parses command line arguments returning a simple mapping of keys and values.
**expects:**
* `args`: a string or array of strings representing the options to parse.
* `opts`: provide a set of hints indicating how `args` should be parsed:
* `opts.alias`: an object representing the set of aliases for a key: `{alias: {foo: ['f']}}`.
* `opts.array`: indicate that keys should be parsed as an array: `{array: ['foo', 'bar']}`.<br>
Indicate that keys should be parsed as an array and coerced to booleans / numbers:<br>
`{array: [{ key: 'foo', boolean: true }, {key: 'bar', number: true}]}`.
* `opts.boolean`: arguments should be parsed as booleans: `{boolean: ['x', 'y']}`.
* `opts.coerce`: provide a custom synchronous function that returns a coerced value from the argument provided
(or throws an error). For arrays the function is called only once for the entire array:<br>
`{coerce: {foo: function (arg) {return modifiedArg}}}`.
* `opts.config`: indicate a key that represents a path to a configuration file (this file will be loaded and parsed).
* `opts.configObjects`: configuration objects to parse, their properties will be set as arguments:<br>
`{configObjects: [{'x': 5, 'y': 33}, {'z': 44}]}`.
* `opts.configuration`: provide configuration options to the yargs-parser (see: [configuration](#configuration)).
* `opts.count`: indicate a key that should be used as a counter, e.g., `-vvv` = `{v: 3}`.
* `opts.default`: provide default values for keys: `{default: {x: 33, y: 'hello world!'}}`.
* `opts.envPrefix`: environment variables (`process.env`) with the prefix provided should be parsed.
* `opts.narg`: specify that a key requires `n` arguments: `{narg: {x: 2}}`.
* `opts.normalize`: `path.normalize()` will be applied to values set to this key.
* `opts.number`: keys should be treated as numbers.
* `opts.string`: keys should be treated as strings (even if they resemble a number `-x 33`).
**returns:**
* `obj`: an object representing the parsed value of `args`
* `key/value`: key value pairs for each argument and their aliases.
* `_`: an array representing the positional arguments.
* [optional] `--`: an array with arguments after the end-of-options flag `--`.
### require('yargs-parser').detailed(args, opts={})
Parses a command line string, returning detailed information required by the
yargs engine.
**expects:**
* `args`: a string or array of strings representing options to parse.
* `opts`: provide a set of hints indicating how `args`, inputs are identical to `require('yargs-parser')(args, opts={})`.
**returns:**
* `argv`: an object representing the parsed value of `args`
* `key/value`: key value pairs for each argument and their aliases.
* `_`: an array representing the positional arguments.
* [optional] `--`: an array with arguments after the end-of-options flag `--`.
* `error`: populated with an error object if an exception occurred during parsing.
* `aliases`: the inferred list of aliases built by combining lists in `opts.alias`.
* `newAliases`: any new aliases added via camel-case expansion:
* `boolean`: `{ fooBar: true }`
* `defaulted`: any new argument created by `opts.default`, no aliases included.
* `boolean`: `{ foo: true }`
* `configuration`: given by default settings and `opts.configuration`.
<a name="configuration"></a>
### Configuration
The yargs-parser applies several automated transformations on the keys provided
in `args`. These features can be turned on and off using the `configuration` field
of `opts`.
```js
var parsed = parser(['--no-dice'], {
configuration: {
'boolean-negation': false
}
})
```
### short option groups
* default: `true`.
* key: `short-option-groups`.
Should a group of short-options be treated as boolean flags?
```console
$ node example.js -abc
{ _: [], a: true, b: true, c: true }
```
_if disabled:_
```console
$ node example.js -abc
{ _: [], abc: true }
```
### camel-case expansion
* default: `true`.
* key: `camel-case-expansion`.
Should hyphenated arguments be expanded into camel-case aliases?
```console
$ node example.js --foo-bar
{ _: [], 'foo-bar': true, fooBar: true }
```
_if disabled:_
```console
$ node example.js --foo-bar
{ _: [], 'foo-bar': true }
```
### dot-notation
* default: `true`
* key: `dot-notation`
Should keys that contain `.` be treated as objects?
```console
$ node example.js --foo.bar
{ _: [], foo: { bar: true } }
```
_if disabled:_
```console
$ node example.js --foo.bar
{ _: [], "foo.bar": true }
```
### parse numbers
* default: `true`
* key: `parse-numbers`
Should keys that look like numbers be treated as such?
```console
$ node example.js --foo=99.3
{ _: [], foo: 99.3 }
```
_if disabled:_
```console
$ node example.js --foo=99.3
{ _: [], foo: "99.3" }
```
### parse positional numbers
* default: `true`
* key: `parse-positional-numbers`
Should positional keys that look like numbers be treated as such.
```console
$ node example.js 99.3
{ _: [99.3] }
```
_if disabled:_
```console
$ node example.js 99.3
{ _: ['99.3'] }
```
### boolean negation
* default: `true`
* key: `boolean-negation`
Should variables prefixed with `--no` be treated as negations?
```console
$ node example.js --no-foo
{ _: [], foo: false }
```
_if disabled:_
```console
$ node example.js --no-foo
{ _: [], "no-foo": true }
```
### combine arrays
* default: `false`
* key: `combine-arrays`
Should arrays be combined when provided by both command line arguments and
a configuration file.
### duplicate arguments array
* default: `true`
* key: `duplicate-arguments-array`
Should arguments be coerced into an array when duplicated:
```console
$ node example.js -x 1 -x 2
{ _: [], x: [1, 2] }
```
_if disabled:_
```console
$ node example.js -x 1 -x 2
{ _: [], x: 2 }
```
### flatten duplicate arrays
* default: `true`
* key: `flatten-duplicate-arrays`
Should array arguments be coerced into a single array when duplicated:
```console
$ node example.js -x 1 2 -x 3 4
{ _: [], x: [1, 2, 3, 4] }
```
_if disabled:_
```console
$ node example.js -x 1 2 -x 3 4
{ _: [], x: [[1, 2], [3, 4]] }
```
### greedy arrays
* default: `true`
* key: `greedy-arrays`
Should arrays consume more than one positional argument following their flag.
```console
$ node example --arr 1 2
{ _: [], arr: [1, 2] }
```
_if disabled:_
```console
$ node example --arr 1 2
{ _: [2], arr: [1] }
```
**Note: in `v18.0.0` we are considering defaulting greedy arrays to `false`.**
### nargs eats options
* default: `false`
* key: `nargs-eats-options`
Should nargs consume dash options as well as positional arguments.
### negation prefix
* default: `no-`
* key: `negation-prefix`
The prefix to use for negated boolean variables.
```console
$ node example.js --no-foo
{ _: [], foo: false }
```
_if set to `quux`:_
```console
$ node example.js --quuxfoo
{ _: [], foo: false }
```
### populate --
* default: `false`.
* key: `populate--`
Should unparsed flags be stored in `--` or `_`.
_If disabled:_
```console
$ node example.js a -b -- x y
{ _: [ 'a', 'x', 'y' ], b: true }
```
_If enabled:_
```console
$ node example.js a -b -- x y
{ _: [ 'a' ], '--': [ 'x', 'y' ], b: true }
```
### set placeholder key
* default: `false`.
* key: `set-placeholder-key`.
Should a placeholder be added for keys not set via the corresponding CLI argument?
_If disabled:_
```console
$ node example.js -a 1 -c 2
{ _: [], a: 1, c: 2 }
```
_If enabled:_
```console
$ node example.js -a 1 -c 2
{ _: [], a: 1, b: undefined, c: 2 }
```
### halt at non-option
* default: `false`.
* key: `halt-at-non-option`.
Should parsing stop at the first positional argument? This is similar to how e.g. `ssh` parses its command line.
_If disabled:_
```console
$ node example.js -a run b -x y
{ _: [ 'b' ], a: 'run', x: 'y' }
```
_If enabled:_
```console
$ node example.js -a run b -x y
{ _: [ 'b', '-x', 'y' ], a: 'run' }
```
### strip aliased
* default: `false`
* key: `strip-aliased`
Should aliases be removed before returning results?
_If disabled:_
```console
$ node example.js --test-field 1
{ _: [], 'test-field': 1, testField: 1, 'test-alias': 1, testAlias: 1 }
```
_If enabled:_
```console
$ node example.js --test-field 1
{ _: [], 'test-field': 1, testField: 1 }
```
### strip dashed
* default: `false`
* key: `strip-dashed`
Should dashed keys be removed before returning results? This option has no effect if
`camel-case-expansion` is disabled.
_If disabled:_
```console
$ node example.js --test-field 1
{ _: [], 'test-field': 1, testField: 1 }
```
_If enabled:_
```console
$ node example.js --test-field 1
{ _: [], testField: 1 }
```
### unknown options as args
* default: `false`
* key: `unknown-options-as-args`
Should unknown options be treated like regular arguments? An unknown option is one that is not
configured in `opts`.
_If disabled_
```console
$ node example.js --unknown-option --known-option 2 --string-option --unknown-option2
{ _: [], unknownOption: true, knownOption: 2, stringOption: '', unknownOption2: true }
```
_If enabled_
```console
$ node example.js --unknown-option --known-option 2 --string-option --unknown-option2
{ _: ['--unknown-option'], knownOption: 2, stringOption: '--unknown-option2' }
```
## Supported Node.js Versions
Libraries in this ecosystem make a best effort to track
[Node.js' release schedule](https://nodejs.org/en/about/releases/). Here's [a
post on why we think this is important](https://medium.com/the-node-js-collection/maintainers-should-consider-following-node-js-release-schedule-ab08ed4de71a).
## Special Thanks
The yargs project evolves from optimist and minimist. It owes its
existence to a lot of James Halliday's hard work. Thanks [substack](https://github.com/substack) **beep** **boop** \o/
## License
ISC

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// Main entrypoint for ESM web browser environments. Avoids using Node.js
// specific libraries, such as "path".
//
// TODO: figure out reasonable web equivalents for "resolve", "normalize", etc.
import { camelCase, decamelize, looksLikeNumber } from './build/lib/string-utils.js'
import { YargsParser } from './build/lib/yargs-parser.js'
const parser = new YargsParser({
cwd: () => { return '' },
format: (str, arg) => { return str.replace('%s', arg) },
normalize: (str) => { return str },
resolve: (str) => { return str },
require: () => {
throw Error('loading config from files not currently supported in browser')
},
env: () => {}
})
const yargsParser = function Parser (args, opts) {
const result = parser.parse(args.slice(), opts)
return result.argv
}
yargsParser.detailed = function (args, opts) {
return parser.parse(args.slice(), opts)
}
yargsParser.camelCase = camelCase
yargsParser.decamelize = decamelize
yargsParser.looksLikeNumber = looksLikeNumber
export default yargsParser

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/**
* @fileoverview Main entrypoint for libraries using yargs-parser in Node.js
* CJS and ESM environments.
*
* @license
* Copyright (c) 2016, Contributors
* SPDX-License-Identifier: ISC
*/
import { format } from 'util';
import { readFileSync } from 'fs';
import { normalize, resolve } from 'path';
import { camelCase, decamelize, looksLikeNumber } from './string-utils.js';
import { YargsParser } from './yargs-parser.js';
// See https://github.com/yargs/yargs-parser#supported-nodejs-versions for our
// version support policy. The YARGS_MIN_NODE_VERSION is used for testing only.
const minNodeVersion = (process && process.env && process.env.YARGS_MIN_NODE_VERSION)
? Number(process.env.YARGS_MIN_NODE_VERSION)
: 10;
if (process && process.version) {
const major = Number(process.version.match(/v([^.]+)/)[1]);
if (major < minNodeVersion) {
throw Error(`yargs parser supports a minimum Node.js version of ${minNodeVersion}. Read our version support policy: https://github.com/yargs/yargs-parser#supported-nodejs-versions`);
}
}
// Creates a yargs-parser instance using Node.js standard libraries:
const env = process ? process.env : {};
const parser = new YargsParser({
cwd: process.cwd,
env: () => {
return env;
},
format,
normalize,
resolve,
// TODO: figure out a way to combine ESM and CJS coverage, such that
// we can exercise all the lines below:
require: (path) => {
if (typeof require !== 'undefined') {
return require(path);
}
else if (path.match(/\.json$/)) {
return readFileSync(path, 'utf8');
}
else {
throw Error('only .json config files are supported in ESM');
}
}
});
const yargsParser = function Parser(args, opts) {
const result = parser.parse(args.slice(), opts);
return result.argv;
};
yargsParser.detailed = function (args, opts) {
return parser.parse(args.slice(), opts);
};
yargsParser.camelCase = camelCase;
yargsParser.decamelize = decamelize;
yargsParser.looksLikeNumber = looksLikeNumber;
export default yargsParser;

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/**
* @license
* Copyright (c) 2016, Contributors
* SPDX-License-Identifier: ISC
*/
export function camelCase(str) {
// Handle the case where an argument is provided as camel case, e.g., fooBar.
// by ensuring that the string isn't already mixed case:
const isCamelCase = str !== str.toLowerCase() && str !== str.toUpperCase();
if (!isCamelCase) {
str = str.toLowerCase();
}
if (str.indexOf('-') === -1 && str.indexOf('_') === -1) {
return str;
}
else {
let camelcase = '';
let nextChrUpper = false;
const leadingHyphens = str.match(/^-+/);
for (let i = leadingHyphens ? leadingHyphens[0].length : 0; i < str.length; i++) {
let chr = str.charAt(i);
if (nextChrUpper) {
nextChrUpper = false;
chr = chr.toUpperCase();
}
if (i !== 0 && (chr === '-' || chr === '_')) {
nextChrUpper = true;
}
else if (chr !== '-' && chr !== '_') {
camelcase += chr;
}
}
return camelcase;
}
}
export function decamelize(str, joinString) {
const lowercase = str.toLowerCase();
joinString = joinString || '-';
let notCamelcase = '';
for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
const chrLower = lowercase.charAt(i);
const chrString = str.charAt(i);
if (chrLower !== chrString && i > 0) {
notCamelcase += `${joinString}${lowercase.charAt(i)}`;
}
else {
notCamelcase += chrString;
}
}
return notCamelcase;
}
export function looksLikeNumber(x) {
if (x === null || x === undefined)
return false;
// if loaded from config, may already be a number.
if (typeof x === 'number')
return true;
// hexadecimal.
if (/^0x[0-9a-f]+$/i.test(x))
return true;
// don't treat 0123 as a number; as it drops the leading '0'.
if (/^0[^.]/.test(x))
return false;
return /^[-]?(?:\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+)(e[-+]?\d+)?$/.test(x);
}

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/**
* @license
* Copyright (c) 2016, Contributors
* SPDX-License-Identifier: ISC
*/
// take an un-split argv string and tokenize it.
export function tokenizeArgString(argString) {
if (Array.isArray(argString)) {
return argString.map(e => typeof e !== 'string' ? e + '' : e);
}
argString = argString.trim();
let i = 0;
let prevC = null;
let c = null;
let opening = null;
const args = [];
for (let ii = 0; ii < argString.length; ii++) {
prevC = c;
c = argString.charAt(ii);
// split on spaces unless we're in quotes.
if (c === ' ' && !opening) {
if (!(prevC === ' ')) {
i++;
}
continue;
}
// don't split the string if we're in matching
// opening or closing single and double quotes.
if (c === opening) {
opening = null;
}
else if ((c === "'" || c === '"') && !opening) {
opening = c;
}
if (!args[i])
args[i] = '';
args[i] += c;
}
return args;
}

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/**
* @license
* Copyright (c) 2016, Contributors
* SPDX-License-Identifier: ISC
*/
export var DefaultValuesForTypeKey;
(function (DefaultValuesForTypeKey) {
DefaultValuesForTypeKey["BOOLEAN"] = "boolean";
DefaultValuesForTypeKey["STRING"] = "string";
DefaultValuesForTypeKey["NUMBER"] = "number";
DefaultValuesForTypeKey["ARRAY"] = "array";
})(DefaultValuesForTypeKey || (DefaultValuesForTypeKey = {}));

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{
"name": "yargs-parser",
"version": "20.2.9",
"description": "the mighty option parser used by yargs",
"main": "build/index.cjs",
"exports": {
".": [
{
"import": "./build/lib/index.js",
"require": "./build/index.cjs"
},
"./build/index.cjs"
]
},
"type": "module",
"module": "./build/lib/index.js",
"scripts": {
"check": "standardx '**/*.ts' && standardx '**/*.js' && standardx '**/*.cjs'",
"fix": "standardx --fix '**/*.ts' && standardx --fix '**/*.js' && standardx --fix '**/*.cjs'",
"pretest": "rimraf build && tsc -p tsconfig.test.json && cross-env NODE_ENV=test npm run build:cjs",
"test": "c8 --reporter=text --reporter=html mocha test/*.cjs",
"test:browser": "start-server-and-test 'serve ./ -p 8080' http://127.0.0.1:8080/package.json 'node ./test/browser/yargs-test.cjs'",
"pretest:typescript": "npm run pretest",
"test:typescript": "c8 mocha ./build/test/typescript/*.js",
"coverage": "c8 report --check-coverage",
"precompile": "rimraf build",
"compile": "tsc",
"postcompile": "npm run build:cjs",
"build:cjs": "rollup -c",
"prepare": "npm run compile"
},
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "https://github.com/yargs/yargs-parser.git"
},
"keywords": [
"argument",
"parser",
"yargs",
"command",
"cli",
"parsing",
"option",
"args",
"argument"
],
"author": "Ben Coe <ben@npmjs.com>",
"license": "ISC",
"devDependencies": {
"@types/chai": "^4.2.11",
"@types/mocha": "^8.0.0",
"@types/node": "^14.0.0",
"@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^3.10.1",
"@typescript-eslint/parser": "^3.10.1",
"@wessberg/rollup-plugin-ts": "^1.2.28",
"c8": "^7.3.0",
"chai": "^4.2.0",
"cross-env": "^7.0.2",
"eslint": "^7.0.0",
"eslint-plugin-import": "^2.20.1",
"eslint-plugin-node": "^11.0.0",
"gts": "^3.0.0",
"mocha": "^9.0.0",
"puppeteer": "^10.0.0",
"rimraf": "^3.0.2",
"rollup": "^2.22.1",
"rollup-plugin-cleanup": "^3.1.1",
"serve": "^12.0.0",
"standardx": "^7.0.0",
"start-server-and-test": "^1.11.2",
"ts-transform-default-export": "^1.0.2",
"typescript": "^4.0.0"
},
"files": [
"browser.js",
"build",
"!*.d.ts"
],
"engines": {
"node": ">=10"
},
"standardx": {
"ignore": [
"build"
]
}
}

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{
"name": "meow",
"version": "9.0.0",
"description": "CLI app helper",
"license": "MIT",
"repository": "sindresorhus/meow",
"funding": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus",
"author": {
"name": "Sindre Sorhus",
"email": "sindresorhus@gmail.com",
"url": "https://sindresorhus.com"
},
"engines": {
"node": ">=10"
},
"scripts": {
"test": "xo && ava && tsd"
},
"files": [
"index.js",
"index.d.ts"
],
"keywords": [
"cli",
"bin",
"util",
"utility",
"helper",
"argv",
"command",
"line",
"meow",
"cat",
"kitten",
"parser",
"option",
"flags",
"input",
"cmd",
"console"
],
"dependencies": {
"@types/minimist": "^1.2.0",
"camelcase-keys": "^6.2.2",
"decamelize": "^1.2.0",
"decamelize-keys": "^1.1.0",
"hard-rejection": "^2.1.0",
"minimist-options": "4.1.0",
"normalize-package-data": "^3.0.0",
"read-pkg-up": "^7.0.1",
"redent": "^3.0.0",
"trim-newlines": "^3.0.0",
"type-fest": "^0.18.0",
"yargs-parser": "^20.2.3"
},
"devDependencies": {
"ava": "^2.4.0",
"execa": "^4.1.0",
"indent-string": "^4.0.0",
"tsd": "^0.13.1",
"xo": "^0.34.1"
},
"xo": {
"rules": {
"unicorn/no-process-exit": "off",
"node/no-unsupported-features/es-syntax": "off"
},
"ignores": [
"estest/index.js"
]
},
"ava": {
"files": [
"test/*"
]
}
}

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# meow
> CLI app helper
![](meow.gif)
## Features
- Parses arguments
- Converts flags to [camelCase](https://github.com/sindresorhus/camelcase)
- Negates flags when using the `--no-` prefix
- Outputs version when `--version`
- Outputs description and supplied help text when `--help`
- Makes unhandled rejected promises [fail hard](https://github.com/sindresorhus/hard-rejection) instead of the default silent fail
- Sets the process title to the binary name defined in package.json
## Install
```
$ npm install meow
```
## Usage
```
$ ./foo-app.js unicorns --rainbow
```
**CommonJS**
```js
#!/usr/bin/env node
'use strict';
const meow = require('meow');
const foo = require('.');
const cli = meow(`
Usage
$ foo <input>
Options
--rainbow, -r Include a rainbow
Examples
$ foo unicorns --rainbow
🌈 unicorns 🌈
`, {
flags: {
rainbow: {
type: 'boolean',
alias: 'r'
}
}
});
/*
{
input: ['unicorns'],
flags: {rainbow: true},
...
}
*/
foo(cli.input[0], cli.flags);
```
**ES Modules**
```js
#!/usr/bin/env node
import {createRequire} from 'module';
import foo from './lib/index.js';
const meow = createRequire(import.meta.url)('meow');
const cli = meow(`
Usage
$ foo <input>
Options
--rainbow, -r Include a rainbow
Examples
$ foo unicorns --rainbow
🌈 unicorns 🌈
`, {
flags: {
rainbow: {
type: 'boolean',
alias: 'r'
}
}
});
/*
{
input: ['unicorns'],
flags: {rainbow: true},
...
}
*/
foo(cli.input[0], cli.flags);
```
## API
### meow(helpText, options?)
### meow(options)
Returns an `object` with:
- `input` *(Array)* - Non-flag arguments
- `flags` *(Object)* - Flags converted to camelCase excluding aliases
- `unnormalizedFlags` *(Object)* - Flags converted to camelCase including aliases
- `pkg` *(Object)* - The `package.json` object
- `help` *(string)* - The help text used with `--help`
- `showHelp([exitCode=2])` *(Function)* - Show the help text and exit with `exitCode`
- `showVersion()` *(Function)* - Show the version text and exit
#### helpText
Type: `string`
Shortcut for the `help` option.
#### options
Type: `object`
##### flags
Type: `object`
Define argument flags.
The key is the flag name in camel-case and the value is an object with any of:
- `type`: Type of value. (Possible values: `string` `boolean` `number`)
- `alias`: Usually used to define a short flag alias.
- `default`: Default value when the flag is not specified.
- `isRequired`: Determine if the flag is required. (Default: false)
- If it's only known at runtime whether the flag is required or not, you can pass a `Function` instead of a `boolean`, which based on the given flags and other non-flag arguments, should decide if the flag is required. Two arguments are passed to the function:
- The first argument is the **flags** object, which contains the flags converted to camel-case excluding aliases.
- The second argument is the **input** string array, which contains the non-flag arguments.
- The function should return a `boolean`, true if the flag is required, otherwise false.
- `isMultiple`: Indicates a flag can be set multiple times. Values are turned into an array. (Default: false)
- Multiple values are provided by specifying the flag multiple times, for example, `$ foo -u rainbow -u cat`. Space- or comma-separated values are [currently *not* supported](https://github.com/sindresorhus/meow/issues/164).
Note that flags are always defined using a camel-case key (`myKey`), but will match arguments in kebab-case (`--my-key`).
Example:
```js
flags: {
unicorn: {
type: 'string',
alias: 'u',
default: ['rainbow', 'cat'],
isMultiple: true,
isRequired: (flags, input) => {
if (flags.otherFlag) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
}
```
##### description
Type: `string | boolean`\
Default: The package.json `"description"` property
Description to show above the help text.
Set it to `false` to disable it altogether.
##### help
Type: `string | boolean`
The help text you want shown.
The input is reindented and starting/ending newlines are trimmed which means you can use a [template literal](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/template_strings) without having to care about using the correct amount of indent.
The description will be shown above your help text automatically.
##### version
Type: `string | boolean`\
Default: The package.json `"version"` property
Set a custom version output.
##### autoHelp
Type: `boolean`\
Default: `true`
Automatically show the help text when the `--help` flag is present. Useful to set this value to `false` when a CLI manages child CLIs with their own help text.
This option is only considered when there is only one argument in `process.argv`.
##### autoVersion
Type: `boolean`\
Default: `true`
Automatically show the version text when the `--version` flag is present. Useful to set this value to `false` when a CLI manages child CLIs with their own version text.
This option is only considered when there is only one argument in `process.argv`.
##### pkg
Type: `object`\
Default: Closest package.json upwards
package.json as an `object`.
*You most likely don't need this option.*
##### argv
Type: `string[]`\
Default: `process.argv.slice(2)`
Custom arguments object.
##### inferType
Type: `boolean`\
Default: `false`
Infer the argument type.
By default, the argument `5` in `$ foo 5` becomes a string. Enabling this would infer it as a number.
##### booleanDefault
Type: `boolean | null | undefined`\
Default: `false`
Value of `boolean` flags not defined in `argv`.
If set to `undefined`, the flags not defined in `argv` will be excluded from the result.
The `default` value set in `boolean` flags take precedence over `booleanDefault`.
_Note: If used in conjunction with `isMultiple`, the default flag value is set to `[]`._
__Caution: Explicitly specifying `undefined` for `booleanDefault` has different meaning from omitting key itself.__
Example:
```js
const meow = require('meow');
const cli = meow(`
Usage
$ foo
Options
--rainbow, -r Include a rainbow
--unicorn, -u Include a unicorn
--no-sparkles Exclude sparkles
Examples
$ foo
🌈 unicorns✨🌈
`, {
booleanDefault: undefined,
flags: {
rainbow: {
type: 'boolean',
default: true,
alias: 'r'
},
unicorn: {
type: 'boolean',
default: false,
alias: 'u'
},
cake: {
type: 'boolean',
alias: 'c'
},
sparkles: {
type: 'boolean',
default: true
}
}
});
/*
{
flags: {
rainbow: true,
unicorn: false,
sparkles: true
},
unnormalizedFlags: {
rainbow: true,
r: true,
unicorn: false,
u: false,
sparkles: true
},
}
*/
```
##### hardRejection
Type: `boolean`\
Default: `true`
Whether to use [`hard-rejection`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/hard-rejection) or not. Disabling this can be useful if you need to handle `process.on('unhandledRejection')` yourself.
#### allowUnknownFlags
Type `boolean`\
Default: `true`
Whether to allow unknown flags or not.
## Promises
Meow will make unhandled rejected promises [fail hard](https://github.com/sindresorhus/hard-rejection) instead of the default silent fail. Meaning you don't have to manually `.catch()` promises used in your CLI.
## Tips
See [`chalk`](https://github.com/chalk/chalk) if you want to colorize the terminal output.
See [`get-stdin`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/get-stdin) if you want to accept input from stdin.
See [`conf`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/conf) if you need to persist some data.
See [`update-notifier`](https://github.com/yeoman/update-notifier) if you want update notifications.
[More useful CLI utilities…](https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome-nodejs#command-line-utilities)
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